托福聽(tīng)力主旨題是托福聽(tīng)力中的必考題型，把握好主旨題同樣又是解答其他題目的關(guān)鍵。對于這一題型，有它自己的答題技巧。下面小編為大家整理了托福聽(tīng)力主旨題的高分答題技巧，供大家參考。
一、什么是主旨題呢?
ETS官方給出的解釋是：對話(huà)和講座的大概意思，即文章主要涉及的是什么內容!關(guān)于主旨題，其實(shí)很多學(xué)生發(fā)現它是所有題型中最簡(jiǎn)單的一道題目�？墒峭覀內绻徽莆找欢ǖ慕忸}技巧和關(guān)鍵策略的話(huà)這道題同樣可能丟分。所以，把握好主旨題是解題的重中之重。
二、主旨題在原文和題目中的位置
首先，大家要明確托福聽(tīng)力考試的一大特色就是題目順序與文章的行文順序相一致。所以，同學(xué)們要明確的是主旨題出現在文章的開(kāi)頭部分，絕對不會(huì )出現在文章的中間部分。其中需要注意的一點(diǎn)是，在結尾部分同樣可能會(huì )出現幫助解答主旨題的解題內容。因為老師很可能對文章內容進(jìn)行概括和總結。那么，結尾部分就可能出現主旨題的答案!但是，這種情況比較少見(jiàn)!所以按照文章的行文順序，主旨題題目一般只會(huì )出現于第一道題。所以通常，不管是conversation還是lecture，主旨題都會(huì )出現于首道題目。明確了題目的位置之后，我們來(lái)看一下主旨題的分類(lèi)。
三、主旨題題型分類(lèi)及典型問(wèn)法
主旨題分為目的主旨和內容主旨。
1、目的主旨：考查對話(huà)目的而非內容，即兩個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)者的對話(huà)目的和教授講這篇文章的目的。目的主旨一般出現于conversation中。
目的主旨典型問(wèn)法：
Why does the student visit the professor?
Why does the student visit the registrar’s office?
Why did the professor ask to see the student?
Why does the professor explain X?
2、內容主旨：要求考生理解講座或對話(huà)的主旨大意。材料有時(shí)會(huì )明確提出主旨，有時(shí)會(huì )很含蓄。要求學(xué)生對聽(tīng)到的信息進(jìn)行歸納總結。
內容主旨典型問(wèn)法：
What problem does the man have?
What are the speakers talking about?
What is the main idea of the lecture?
What aspect of X does the professor mainly discuss?
四、主旨題解題技巧
關(guān)于解題技巧大家應該首先注意的是這兩種題型與大家詞匯量的多少無(wú)關(guān)。也就是說(shuō)，詞匯量即使很少也不會(huì )給這兩種題型的解題造成障障礙。首先要聽(tīng)準開(kāi)頭;特別是開(kāi)頭句型，之后找出對話(huà)目的;如果開(kāi)頭沒(méi)有把握準，那么要注意全文重復詞匯;最后要聽(tīng)準關(guān)鍵詞并對實(shí)義詞(名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞)足夠敏感。那么，如何聽(tīng)準開(kāi)頭呢?在conversation和lecture的開(kāi)頭中，有的文章會(huì )出現寒暄部分。
比如，在conversation中兩個(gè)說(shuō)話(huà)者的在開(kāi)頭部分都會(huì )出現互相問(wèn)好的寒暄語(yǔ)：
A : Hey, how is everything going?
B: Well, everything is going fine。
A: Hi, are you Paula?
B: Oh, hi, Jim. Nice to see you!
在這些寒暄之后說(shuō)話(huà)人A說(shuō)Do you need some tutoring in English? 說(shuō)話(huà)人B說(shuō)：yes, I am taking English composition and my English is not very good. 這才是文章的真正內容，也就是文章的主旨!所以選項的相應部分選擇的是：She needs a tutoring appointment!
在lecture中，有時(shí)教授上來(lái)不會(huì )直接切入正題，而是先會(huì )寒暄幾句。
例1：有個(gè)教授上來(lái)先說(shuō)I am sorry that I didn’t bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class. Today, I want to continue our topic about Renaissance. 所以“I am sorry that I didn't bring your paper, and it took longer to grade than I thought. So I will bring you the paper next class。”這句話(huà)都是在說(shuō)與文章主旨無(wú)關(guān)緊要的話(huà)。而真正與文章主旨有關(guān)的是以today開(kāi)頭的這句話(huà)!所以，顯而易見(jiàn)，這篇文章的主要內容就是Renaissance(文藝復興)。
例2：In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history. But today, I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么很顯然，In the last class, we discussed the Jazz music history。這是上節課講的內容。在強轉折but之后，老師緊接著(zhù)說(shuō)I am going to talk about the development of the jazz music. 那么，文章的主旨也就很明確了。
在了解了如何在文章的開(kāi)頭抓主旨以后，我們再來(lái)看一下引導文章主旨的信號標志詞，以便我們更好地定位選項。
五、主旨題的信號標志詞
Lecture引導主旨題信號標志詞，
動(dòng)詞詞組
• today we will talk about...
• today we will discuss...
• today we will look at...
• today we will tell...
動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)
• 've, -ed
• will, be going to;
介詞
• about
注意：動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞后面引導的都是上節課涉及到的內容，所以即使大家聽(tīng)到了discuss這個(gè)詞也可以放棄這部分內容。而只要聽(tīng)好并把握準today后面要講的內容即可，也就是be going to/will 后面引導的內容!那么，about就是一個(gè)經(jīng)常引導主要內容的一個(gè)介詞。這個(gè)詞很關(guān)鍵，要求聽(tīng)準其后面的賓語(yǔ)是什么!因為這個(gè)賓語(yǔ)就是解題的關(guān)鍵。
Conversation 引導主旨題信號標志詞總結
1)wonder (e.g. I was wondering,…)
2)think (e.g. I am thinking, I was thinking,…)
3)hope (I was hoping,…)
4)need (Do you need, I need…)
5)figure out, work out, sort out,…
conversation的主要內容，一般情況下都是以上的這些詞引導的。常用句型已在后面括號中標注出來(lái)。請同學(xué)們謹記在心。
六、主旨題的選項特征
在選擇選項的時(shí)候，大家一定要避免選擇如下選項：1) 范圍小-細節進(jìn)入主旨題(最常見(jiàn));2) 范圍大-沒(méi)鎖定主旨;3)不正確選項(即文章中根本沒(méi)有涉及到的內容)
正確選項特征如下：( 以下是比較典型的主旨題的選項特征 )
1、長(cháng)的名詞結構：(技巧：先定位比較of和that前面的詞，在原文中找同意替換。之后確定of和that后面的賓語(yǔ)是否符合原文)
a) …of…b) …that…
e.g. Script
So, I wanted to discuss a few other terms here…actually, some, uh some ideas about how we manage our resources. Let's talk about what that…what that means. If we take a resource like water…well,
Q: What is the talk mainly about?
A. A common method of managing water supply.
B. The formation of underground water systems.
C. Natural processes that renew water supplies.
D. Maintaining the purity of underground water system.
文章中的這句話(huà)“I wanted to discuss a few other terms here…some ideas about”很明確的點(diǎn)出了文章的內容主旨。根據上面的講解，我們很容易把握discuss和about這兩個(gè)詞!所以，about后面的“how we manage our resources”就是文章的主旨了!所以根據同義替換，我們可以將“how”這個(gè)詞替換為A選項的method而且of 后面的賓語(yǔ)(managing water supply)也同原文內容(how we manage our resources)一致!正確答案為A.
2、以how, what, why開(kāi)頭
e.g. Script
…so the Earth’s surface is made up of these huge segments, thesetectonic plates. And these plates move, right? But how can, uh, motion of plates, do you think, influence climate on the Earth? Again, all of you probably read this section in the book, I hope, but, uh, uh, how— how can just motion of the plates impact the climate?
Q: What is the main topic of the talk?
A. The differences in climate that occur in different countries.
B. How movement of the Earth's plates can affect climate.
C. Why the ocean has less effect on climate than previously thought.
D. The history of the climate of the region where the college is located.
這道題可以明顯根據部分文章重復找出答案!重復句式為“But how can, uh, motion of plates, do you think, influence climateon the Earth?”去掉其中的插入語(yǔ)，我們可以提煉出“how can motion of plates influence climate on the Earth”。與這句話(huà)一致的是B選項!其中，可以找到原文與選項的同義替換是motion=movement、effect= impact/ influence。從這道題目可以看出：特殊疑問(wèn)詞也是主旨題正確選項的一大特征!
3、To do
e.g. Script (lecture)
Ok. Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle– Aristotle’s ethical theory. What Aristotle's theory is all about is this: he is trying to show you how to be happy—what true happiness is。
Q: What is the main purpose of the lecture?
A. To illustrate the importance of extrinsic values
B. To explain Aristotle's views about the importance of teaching
C. To explain why people change what they value
D. To discuss Aristotle's views about human happiness
“To do”結構在主旨題中出鏡率很高，目的主旨的選項大部分以to do結構開(kāi)頭。那么，解題的宗旨就是比較動(dòng)詞do的形式和用詞!如果原文中用到的動(dòng)詞與選項一致，同學(xué)可以首先定位此選項，再比較后面的賓語(yǔ)即可。“Ok. Another ancient Greek philosopher we need to discuss is Aristotle–Aristotle’s ethical theory。”從原文中可以看到discuss這個(gè)詞，那么這個(gè)詞正好與D選項中的discuss相吻合，而其后的賓語(yǔ)“human happiness”也一致!所以答案無(wú)可厚非為D。若選項中“do”的形式與原文不一致，那么我們需要做的就是同義替換。請看下面的例子：
e.g. Script (conversation)
S: I was hoping you could look over my note cards for my presentation…just to see what you think of it。
P: Okay, so refresh my memory: what's your presentation about?
Q: Why does the student visit the professor?
A. To get some note cards for his presentation
B. To show her some examples of common errors in research
C. To review the notes for his presentation with her
D. To ask for help in finding a topic for his presentation
在這篇文章中，引導conversation主旨題的標志詞是I was hoping，在其之后出現的動(dòng)詞關(guān)鍵詞是look over。名詞關(guān)鍵詞為：note cards for my presentation。所以，與原文一致的選項應該找look over的同義替換，即review!所以應該選擇C選項