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иƂ俼h

l(f)r(sh)g:2017-08-17 ݋:younian

1“иxҪxȫĆ?”

ETSƬThe Life of An ItemV҂һ(g)x헵OӋֹ“__e`e`”߀Ҫ_“all the passage is covered by items”xxȫΰÿһ(g)x?

2“W(xu)g(sh)иɿ(j)?”

иԇxӢZ(y)Z(y)Ԝyԇԓ(zhun)עڜyԇW(xu)“Z(y)”⿼쿼“W(xu)g(sh)֪R”ԓ(wn)}ETSаl(f)(jng)F.Robinشf(shu)иҲCriterion-Referenced|(zh)@ɱʹÌW(xu)g(sh)õČW(xu)ڿԇռЃ(yu)

3(xi)P(gun)Iʲô?

ETSu(zhun)B.SuomiŮʿ˼Ļشdeveloping your ideaҲLJ@^(gun)c(din)(})M(jn)жչ_(ki)Ȼǰǵ^(gun)c(din)_ӢZ(y)(xi)(li)

4ʲôǿԇеy}?

ETSu(zhun)B.SuomiŮʿJA difficult item requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.

5ܲx?

“иxµL(chng)ȱc}Ŀƥ”@x}ĿOӋԭt“xŸo(w)UԒ(hu)”mETSxԇҪˈDxҪ܉xȫIJ}P(gun)ϢЩͬW(xu)f(shu)“MxǴ_(sh)xôk?” ETSB.SuomiŮʿĽhȻŬx£keep reading, keep practicing.

6(xi)֔Ҫ?

ETSu(zhun)J.Bardشǿ϶x}Ҳܿ錑(xi)ǿ鲻(li)productivityֻʹ^(gun)}ʽܿW(xu)λr(sh)gȵĮa(chn)@ҲZ(y)ҪwF|(zh)֔ͬҪZ(y)ͬ

SadekŮʿf(shu)֔Խ෸eĿԾԽŶ!(xi)300DZ^ǡһƪ²ڌ(xi)˶չ_(ki)ՓC}Ŀ(Topic development is the most important issue here.) ͬr(sh)еf(shu)No memorized language! ҪģŶ!

7“h(hu )۷ֆ”?

ETSŮ醾팣(zhun)Kimf(shu)ǵhǞ醾ĹƽhĴ}oµϼ醾õijɿ(j)пܸڵڻԭгɿ(j)X(qin)ؔһhL(fng)UX(qin)֔

8ܶͬW(xu)˛_ķ^ƫ}y}ό?

Ҫ^eETS}Federic Robin_f(shu)If we intend for an item to be difficult, we make certain that it is difficult because it requires sophisticated reasoning or understanding of a high-level concept, not because it tests obscure or esoteric matter.Ҳf(shu)@(g)y}߉݋s߸(li)@ǿԽܵr;@Щy}ݻޝWҊ(jin)ô@N}һ҂ҪԵIJ

9ɷ^ؼ(li)ų“O~R”x?

ٷڳ}ĕr(sh)ѽ(jng)(hu )x@Щ~oYxFederekf(shu)“Distracters(wrong options) should not include specific determiners(“always”/“never”)”.

10΁(li)ÿһx}?

x}ĵһxǽ^܃HHM(mn)ڵһ, һҪŪÿ(g)_x_ԭͬr(sh)ÿһ(g)e`xe`ԭETS}AshmoreV҂}ĕr(sh)@ôģᘌÿһ}һҪѴ𰸵ԭضx_(ki)(li)

• Articulate why each distracter(wrong option) is wrong

• Consider whether you could defend the key(right option) to an examinee.

11}Dzһ(hu )Ҫļ?Щ߅߅߅ǵļɲܕ(hu )?

ETSنTJefff(shu)ÿһ}ĿOӋ(li)ĕr(sh)}߶(hu )(wn)ԼDoes the item measure something worth measuring, or is it trivial and unimportant?OӋFЎׂ(g)ɆTxtĕ(hu )@(g)}Ŀڳ}ĕr(sh)Ҳ(hu )O_xlength, complexity,or diction stand out.

12Z(y)@NsubjectiveĿԇƽ?

1).ÿһ(g)Z(y)responseǶһ(g)rater(Œ(sh),ETSvf(shu)17350(g)raters......)(li)ĵDZSCķֽoͬraters(li)@ӾͿԴpͬһ(g)raterɶӰijһ(g)˵ķ֔M(jn)Cƽ

2).Z(y)ģǴ_е.v˷һοпZ(y)dz˜ҲdzǾ܇(ch)AԒ(hu)mڶ(g)}ĿĴ](mi)Ќ(sh)|(zh)ıٽo˺ܵ͵ķ֔

13Z(y)ԇе¼?

ٸV҂ஔtest takersڿZ(y)ԇĕr(sh)(hu )f(shu)I hate ETS.You make my life miserable.I am so mad about you. (wn)ж@ӵtest takersr(sh)ٟo(w)εЦЦf(shu)more than you could expect.

؟•վϢ(li)ԴھW(wng)j(lu )DddzڂfϢ֮Ŀζ(zh)ٝͬ^(gun)c(din)C(sh)ݵ挍(sh)CϢĺʴ_ԺҲϢIJʴ_z©µκΓpʧpГ؟W(wng)վϢH׺ͷ(w)ĸʹñW(wng)Yϰl(f)ƫվŲؓ؟಻ؓκη؟CKጙ

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