字數不夠

　　字數不夠，即在規定時(shí)間內(40分鐘)沒(méi)有達到文章字數要求(至少250單詞)。字數不足250單詞，文章最高將不會(huì )超過(guò)5.5分，這在《劍8》Test 2和《劍7》Test 4提供的考生答卷中均有體現。

　　產(chǎn)生該問(wèn)題的原因主要有：1. 觀(guān)點(diǎn)數量少;2. 不知道觀(guān)點(diǎn)如何展開(kāi);3. 寫(xiě)作速度太慢。那么，要在規定時(shí)間內滿(mǎn)足字數要求，考生需要想出足夠多的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，學(xué)習如何展開(kāi)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，熟練運用復雜句并提高寫(xiě)作速度。接下來(lái)我們將分析如何滿(mǎn)足以上要求：

　　首先，考生需要想出足夠多的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。為此，很多考生會(huì )搜集各種網(wǎng)站所做的“寫(xiě)作預測”，從而提前準備觀(guān)點(diǎn)。需要提醒考生的是不要盲目相信各種“預測”，預測題目可以練習使用，但目的是更好地提升寫(xiě)作水平;相反，若把所有精力集中在預測題目上，并背誦相關(guān)內容，最終很有可能會(huì )被當作模板處理，而對于使用模板或者是含有大量語(yǔ)言記憶片段的文章，最高分數不會(huì )超過(guò)5分。所以，建議考生積累觀(guān)點(diǎn)要走“正道”即：1. 擴大閱讀面。閱讀中文相關(guān)內容也可以有效地增加考生的背景知識。2. 積累同類(lèi)話(huà)題的通用觀(guān)點(diǎn)。

　　在文章總字數要求不變的情況下，每個(gè)段落觀(guān)點(diǎn)數量越多，意味著(zhù)支持句的數量就可以相應地減少。如果一個(gè)段落中含有兩個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，那么每個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)句展開(kāi)一個(gè)支持句就滿(mǎn)足字數要求了，如：Charity organizations should give aid to people in the greatest need, wherever they are from, or help people in their own countries. Discuss both views and give your opinion. (2010年1月9日A類(lèi))

　　Opponents of charity organizations only giving aid domestically, however, contend the assistance should be open to people in need no matter where they are from. To start with, it is the functionality of charity organizations to render help to those who are in great need, regardless of their nationalities. Otherwise, it may be considered as going breach of the purposes they are established for. What is more, not only can international charity assistance enhance the friendship of two nations, but also help eliminate the conflicts and misunderstandings, thereby stimulating the cultural exchanges between countries. (94words)

　　如果一個(gè)段落只有一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，在保持段落字數不變的情況下，支持句的數量就要相應地增加，如：Some people think that foreign tourists abroad should be charged more than local people to visit a country’s cultural and historical attractions. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (2011年4月30日A類(lèi))

　　The reason that I oppose to the above view is the unfairness and inequality this proposal may conduce to. As is known to all, historic attractions are owned by all human beings and should be shared by people from all over the world equally and without discrimination. Once this proposal being implemented, an unfavorable impression of this country would be formed in no time. There is a fear that foreign travelers may never come again. Neither do their friends nor those who gain this negative information. And this will inevitably lead to a vicious circle. (95words)

　　因此，在觀(guān)點(diǎn)較少的情況下，能否將觀(guān)點(diǎn)充分地展開(kāi)成為滿(mǎn)足字數要求的關(guān)鍵所在。

　　其次，如何展開(kāi)一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)，關(guān)鍵在于是否能夠靈活運用論證方式。常用的論證方式包括：解釋(explanation)，延伸(extension)，舉例(exemplification)和對比(contrast)等，如：

　　A lot of innovations are made with the aim of making money for a few. This is because it is the rich and powerful people in our society who are able to impose changes (such as in working conditions or property developments) that are in their own interests. (第二句為解釋論證)(《劍6》Test 4)

　　My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. (第二句為延伸論證) (《劍5》Test 2)

　　To do this, we need to improve the choice of public transport services available to travelers. For example, if sufficient sky train and underground train systems were built and effectively maintained in our major cities, then traffic on the roads would be dramatically reduced.(第二句為舉例論證)(《劍8》Test 3)

　　The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places, have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on. (第二句為對比論證)(《劍5》Test 2)

　　最后，提高寫(xiě)作速度，其關(guān)鍵在于“固定”。要想在那么短的時(shí)間內，在考場(chǎng)上高度緊張的狀態(tài)下寫(xiě)出滿(mǎn)足字數要求同時(shí)又非常優(yōu)秀的文章來(lái)，的確是非常困難的，但是雅思考官曾講過(guò)，考場(chǎng)上任何一篇優(yōu)秀文章中的每一個(gè)單詞都是經(jīng)過(guò)精心準備的。因此，要想保證字數同時(shí)又保證質(zhì)量，考前精心的準備和設計是非常必要的。如：

　　固定開(kāi)頭段

　　The late 20st century witnessed the every surging boom of advanced technology, which has brought attention to a heated debate concerning whether housework should be accomplished manually.

　　The late 20st century witnessed the ever surging boom of the world population, which has brought attention to a heated debate concerning whether people should be encouraged to move into skyscrapers.

　　固定常用句型

　　引導觀(guān)點(diǎn)或者解釋論證

　　It is a widely held perception that…

　　It is a commonly shared convention that…

　　舉例子

　　A great case in point is that…

　　延伸論證

　　So…that…

　　對比論證

　　主語(yǔ)+should/would/could/might + do +其他+ if +主語(yǔ)+did/be(were) +其他

　　連接兩個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)

　　Not only…but also…

　　注意：文章中固定下來(lái)的內容，尤其是開(kāi)頭段、結尾段和文中的一些固定句型，最好不要摘自比較流行的輔導參考書(shū)，避免被考官認為是抄襲或者模板。因此，考生需要自己總結或者在閱讀國外期刊雜志以及相關(guān)網(wǎng)站原版內容的過(guò)程中不斷積累，同時(shí)還要保證固定內容不能超出自身英語(yǔ)水平太高，否則，被考官認定是語(yǔ)言記憶片段的可能性較大。把固定下來(lái)的內容運用熟練，就可以有效地提高寫(xiě)作速度，從而滿(mǎn)足字數要求。