雅思大作文考的是議論文,即考查考生是否能夠在相對較短的時(shí)間內搜集論據,具體地論證自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。另外,大作文的話(huà)題范圍也很廣,政府、社會(huì )、工作、經(jīng)濟、科技、教育等話(huà)題都會(huì )考到!∧敲,應該如何對大作文進(jìn)行有力的論證呢?下面就請跟小編一起看看!

但對于長(cháng)期接觸國內英語(yǔ)學(xué)習的學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō),在寫(xiě)作時(shí)仍然會(huì )摸不著(zhù)頭腦,無(wú)處下筆。因為中國考生很少考慮這方面的問(wèn)題,學(xué)校老師也很少鼓勵對這些社會(huì )話(huà)題進(jìn)行討論,造成考生想問(wèn)題往往只能按照固定模式,因而論證非?斩、缺乏說(shuō)服力。
中國考生在應對雅思作文時(shí)喜歡通過(guò)講道理來(lái)說(shuō)明問(wèn)題,但話(huà)題中并不是所有題目和內容都可以通過(guò)道理來(lái)說(shuō)服他人的, 比如關(guān)于“anti-social behavior”屬于道德范疇的話(huà)題是很難用道理來(lái)講清楚的。所以,建議考生在備考時(shí)需要加強論據論證的能力,使其能夠很好地支持自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
最常用的方式就是解釋和舉例,幾乎在每一篇雅思大作文中都可以看見(jiàn)這兩種論證方法。
如下面關(guān)于“work at home or study at home”的一段例證:
IBM, one of the business giants, has saved nearly 70 million USdollars in its northeastern region by promoting telecommuting, which has been adriving force to other enterprises to convert their normal working staff intotelecommuters. Companies in Japan are one of them and plan to launch the schemein 2009, which, in turn, spiritually wins more supports from the existingemployees, and attracts new hires.
這段話(huà)中的2個(gè)例子(商業(yè)巨頭IBM和日本的企業(yè)計劃)都較好地完成了“若員工選擇在家上班,會(huì )對公司帶來(lái)積極的作用”這一證明。
此外,提醒考生們需要注意的是,雅思大作文明確指出“give reasons or examples fromyour own experience”, 這里的“yourown experience”和“your personal experience”是完全不同的概念。前者是指通過(guò)個(gè)人的學(xué)習和總結而獲得的經(jīng)驗, 后者是指個(gè)人經(jīng)歷或周?chē)硞(gè)個(gè)體的故事。
如談到“working hard produces better results”,“your own experience”的例子一定是“some 3-year-high school students usually stay up late to reviewlessons and prepare for next day classes”,而“your personal experience”的例子則應該是“my roommate, Tony has always been working hard on studies and staying up lateevery night”,不難看出兩者的區別。
另外,數據論證也是一個(gè)重要的方法,同時(shí)也是國外文章中非常常見(jiàn)的。使用這種方式需要注意兩點(diǎn):數據和數據的來(lái)源。數據的真實(shí)性不重要,但至少要看上去是“真實(shí)的”。
如:A survey by the latest Ministry of Labor’s opinion poll shows that more companies would like to open theirdoors to disabled people, as long as they can access to modern technology, andthe rate has been increasing every year by 5% since 2003.
使用數據論證,提醒考生們不要刻意將數據夸張,這樣反而會(huì )降低數據的真實(shí)可靠性。常見(jiàn)的句型有“a survey by….shows that / a research by….finds out that/ a study by….suggests that / Statistics by….conclude that…”省略號的部分是需要根據文章的內容來(lái)填寫(xiě)的數據來(lái)源出處或機構。
第三個(gè)常見(jiàn)的論證方法要數類(lèi)比論證了。類(lèi)比論證可以是一個(gè)東西或行為的正反面對比,也可以是一種現象的時(shí)間前后的論證。
如下面關(guān)于“是否moving to regional areas”的例子:Staffs used to complain about the crowded offices shared withclimbing number of colleagues, the acute shortage of parking lots, theexpensive luncheon, and the tedious civic landscape filled up with cement,steel rods and ceramic tiles. Now, companies can move to larger spaces, likeindustrial parks in the regional areas equipped with more personalized facilities,ranging from regular shuttle bus service, areas for relaxation, and morecomfortable meeting rooms to hold a larger group of audience.
使用類(lèi)比論證法可以讓段落的內容和字數大幅度提高。上面的這段論述完全可以只寫(xiě)搬遷到郊外辦公后對員工的利益; 但是增加了前面“staff used to…”的內容,能夠加倍體現遷移的好處,前后形成一個(gè)鮮明的對比,增加文章的說(shuō)服力。
不過(guò),需要特別注意的是,若使用不當,對比論證也可能讓文章變得乏味。
比如上面的例子中,在“staff usedto…”這段文字中講到了員工的種種抱怨(停車(chē)車(chē)位緊缺、午飯昂貴、辦公室狹小等),如果在后面的利益中接著(zhù)談搬遷到郊外后停車(chē)車(chē)位不緊缺、午飯便宜、辦公室寬敞等內容的話(huà),大家不難發(fā)現這樣的論證其實(shí)是很無(wú)趣的。