大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級聽(tīng)力模擬試題2017
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Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25
23
A.At the lower back of the brain.
B.At the bottom of the brain.
C.At the central section of the brain.
D.At the top of the brain.
24
A.Control regulation of the heart rhythms.
B.Control basic aspects of sound localization.
C.Control conscious thought and sensations.
D.Control complex voluntary motor functions.
25
A.Most parts of the brain.
B.The entire brain.
C.Only 10% of the brain.
D.A small fraction of the brain.
Morning, class. Today I've brought in a picture of the human brain, which we are going to look at and discuss in detail. The brain is like our command center for all our daily functions and allows us to cope with our environment. How we communicate with words, actions, thoughts, and feelings are all centered in the brain. Some researchers believe that the brain is so complex and mysterious that we will never be able to fully understand it. Some have even referred to it as a little black box like those found on a plane that contain all the critical and highly confidential information of the flight. It's easiest to think of the brain as three connected parts: the cerebrum, brainstem, and cerebellum.
(23) Let's start off with the brainstem, which is found at the bottom of the brain. The brainstem has an important role because it controls lots of critical functions including respiration, regulation of the heart rhythms, basic aspects of sound localization.
Next, we'll look at the second largest part of the brain—the cerebellum. It is located at the lower back of the head and is attached to the brainstem. (24) It is made up of two hemispheres and its functions are to control complex voluntary motor functions such as walking, balance and posture.
The third and largest part of our brain is the cerebrum. Its associations are conscious thought, movement and sensations such as touch, vision, hearing, judgment, reasoning, problem solving, and emotions.
The average weight of an adult human brain is anywhere between 1 and 1.5 kilograms. Some people say that we only use 10% of our brain, but this is just a myth. (25) In fact, we use our entire brain. That being said, we can claim that most people only use a very small fraction of the cognitive potential of their brain. Different cultures have used several methods to improve their cognitive potential such as reading, education, puzzle solving and critical thinking. I hope this brief introduction to the brain helps you understand the brain and its different functions.
23. Where is the brainstem located in the brain?
24. What is the function of the cerebellum?
25. To what extent do people use their brains?
早上好，同學(xué)們。今天我帶來(lái)了一張人類(lèi)大腦的圖片，我們將仔細觀(guān)察并好好討論。大腦就像我們日常生活的指揮中心，讓我們知道該做什么。大腦控制著(zhù)我們如何用語(yǔ)言、動(dòng)作、思想和感受來(lái)交流。有些研究人員認為大腦太過(guò)復雜和神秘，我們永遠也不可能完全弄懂它。有些人甚至將其稱(chēng)為一個(gè)小黑匣子，就像飛機上包含了與飛行相關(guān)的所有重要并且高度機密的信息的黑匣子。最簡(jiǎn)單的方法就是把大腦看做三個(gè)互相關(guān)聯(lián)的部分：腦端、腦干和小腦。
我們先來(lái)說(shuō)腦干，它位于大腦的底部。腦干很重要，因為它控制了很多重要功能，包括呼吸、心律運作、聲源定位的基本方面。
接下來(lái)，我們來(lái)看大腦的第二大部分——小腦。它位于大腦的后下部，并且與腦干相粘連。它由兩個(gè)大腦半球構成，小腦的作用是控制復雜的隨意運動(dòng)功能，如行走、平衡和姿勢等。
大腦的第三大部分是腦端。與它相關(guān)聯(lián)的是意識思維、活動(dòng)和感覺(jué)，比如觸覺(jué)、視覺(jué)、聽(tīng)覺(jué)、判斷、推理、解決問(wèn)題和情感。
成年人大腦的平均重量是1至1.5千克。有人說(shuō)我們僅用了大腦的10%，但這是沒(méi)有根據的。實(shí)際上，我們使用整個(gè)大腦。話(huà)雖如此，但是大多數人僅使用了大腦認知潛能的一小部分。很多文化都采取過(guò)諸如閱讀、教育、解謎和辯證思維之類(lèi)的方法來(lái)開(kāi)發(fā)大腦的認知潛能。我希望這次對大腦的簡(jiǎn)單介紹能夠幫助你們了解大腦以及它不同的功能。
問(wèn)題23 腦干在大腦的哪個(gè)位置?
問(wèn)題24 小腦的作用是什么?
問(wèn)題25 人們對大腦的利用程度有多少?
參考答案：
【小題23】B
【小題24】D
【小題25】B
習題解析：
【小題23】聽(tīng)力原文中提到Let's start off with the brainstem, which is found at the bottom of the brain.明確指出腦干位于大腦的底部，故選B。
【小題24】聽(tīng)力原文在介紹 cerebellum(小腦)的位置之后，提到its functions are to control complex voluntary motor functions such as walking, balance and posture，即小腦的作用是控制復雜的隨意運動(dòng)功能，如行走、平衡和姿勢等，故選D。
【小題25】題目考查大多數人對大腦的利用程度。聽(tīng)力原文中提到有人說(shuō)我們僅用了大腦的10%，但這是沒(méi)有根據的。隨后明確提到我們使用整個(gè)大腦，故選項B為答案。雖然后文提到most people only use a very small fraction of the cognitive potential of their brain，但這里強調的是大多數人僅使用了大腦認知潛能的一小部分，而不是整個(gè)大腦，故排除選項D。
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