感恩母親的作文200字

　　中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明是2014年11月12日于中國北京發(fā)布的文件，對中華人民共和國和美利堅合眾國在應對全球氣候變化這一人類(lèi)面臨的最大威脅上具有重要作用。該挑戰的嚴重性需要中美雙方為了共同利益建設性地一起努力。以下是關(guān)于《中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明》的中英文版。

　　U.S.-China Joint Announcement on Climate Change

　　中美氣候變化聯(lián)合聲明

　　Beijing, China, 12 November 2014

　　2014年11月12日于中國北京

　　1. The United States of America and the People’s Republic of China have a critical role to play in combating global climate change, one of the greatest threats facing humanity. The seriousness of the challenge calls upon the two sides to work constructively together for the common good.

　　一、中華人民共和國和美利堅合眾國在應對全球氣候變化這一人類(lèi)面臨的最大威脅上具有重要作用。該挑戰的嚴重性需要中美雙方為了共同利益建設性地一起努力。

　　2. Today, the Presidents of the United States and China announced their respective post-2020 actions on climate change, recognizing that these actions are part of the longer range effort to transition to low-carbon economies, mindful of the global temperature goal of 2℃. The United States intends to achieve an economy-wide target of reducing its emissions by 26%-28% below its 2005 level in 2025 and to make best efforts to reduce its emissions by 28%. China intends to achieve the peaking of CO2 emissions around 2030 and to make best efforts to peak early and intends to increase the share of non-fossil fuels in primary energy consumption to around 20% by 2030. Both sides intend to continue to work to increase ambition over time.

　　二、今天，中美兩國元首宣布了兩國各自2020年后應對氣候變化行動(dòng)，認識到這些行動(dòng)是向低碳經(jīng)濟轉型長(cháng)期努力的組成部分并考慮到2℃全球溫升目標。美國計劃于2025年實(shí)現在2005年基礎上減排26%-28%的全經(jīng)濟范圍減排目標并將努力減排28%。中國計劃2030年左右二氧化碳排放達到峰值且將努力早日達峰，并計劃到2030年非化石能源占一次能源消費比重提高到20%左右。雙方均計劃繼續努力并隨時(shí)間而提高力度。

　　3. The United States and China hope that by announcing these targets now, they can inject momentum into the global climate negotiations and inspire other countries to join in coming forward with ambitious actions as soon as possible, preferably by the first quarter of 2015. The two Presidents resolved to work closely together over the next year to address major impediments to reaching a successful global climate agreement in Paris.

　　三、中美兩國希望，現在宣布上述目標能夠為全球氣候談判注入動(dòng)力，并帶動(dòng)其他國家也一道盡快并最好是2015年第一季度提出有力度的行動(dòng)目標。兩國元首決定來(lái)年緊密合作，解決妨礙巴黎會(huì )議達成一項成功的全球氣候協(xié)議的重大問(wèn)題。

　　4. The global scientific community has made clear that human activity is already changing the world’s climate system. Accelerating climate change has caused serious impacts. Higher temperatures and extreme weather events are damaging food production, rising sea levels and more damaging storms are putting our coastal cities increasingly at risk and the impacts of climate change are already harming economies around the world, including those of the United States and China. These developments urgently require enhanced actions to tackle the challenge.

　　四、全球科學(xué)界明確提出，人類(lèi)活動(dòng)已在改變世界氣候系統。日益加速的氣候變化已經(jīng)造成嚴重影響。更高的溫度和極端天氣事件正在損害糧食生產(chǎn)，日益升高的海平面和更具破壞性的風(fēng)暴使我們沿海城市面臨的危險加劇，并且氣候變化的影響已在對包括中美兩國在內的世界經(jīng)濟造成危害。這些情況迫切需要強化行動(dòng)以應對氣候挑戰。

　　5. At the same time, economic evidence makes increasingly clear that smart action on climate change now can drive innovation, strengthen economic growth and bring broad benefits – from sustainable development to increased energy security, improved public health and a better quality of life. Tackling climate change will also strengthen national and international security.

　　五、與此同時(shí)，經(jīng)濟證據日益表明現在采取應對氣候變化的智慧行動(dòng)可以推動(dòng)創(chuàng )新、提高經(jīng)濟增長(cháng)并帶來(lái)諸如可持續發(fā)展、增強能源安全、改善公共健康和提高生活質(zhì)量等廣泛效益。應對氣候變化同時(shí)也將增強國家安全和國際安全。

　　6. Technological innovation is essential for reducing the cost of current mitigation technologies, leading to the invention and dissemination of new zero and low-carbon technologies and enhancing the capacity of countries to reduce their emissions. The United States and China are two of the world’s largest investors in clean energy and already have a robust program of energy technology cooperation. The two sides have, among other things:

　　六、技術(shù)創(chuàng )新對于降低當前減排技術(shù)成本至關(guān)重要，這將帶動(dòng)新的零碳和低碳技術(shù)發(fā)明和推廣，并增強各國減排的能力。中國和美國是世界上兩個(gè)最大的清潔能源投資國，并已建立了成熟的能源技術(shù)合作計劃。除其他外，雙方還開(kāi)展了如下工作：

　　– established the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group (CCWG), under which they have launched action initiatives on vehicles, smart grids, carbon capture, utilization and storage, energy efficiency, greenhouse gas data management, forests and industrial boilers;

　　——建立了中美氣候變化工作組(氣候變化工作組)，并在此工作組下啟動(dòng)了關(guān)于汽車(chē)、智能電網(wǎng)、碳捕集利用和封存、能效、溫室氣體數據管理、林業(yè)和工業(yè)鍋爐的行動(dòng)倡議;

　　– agreed to work together towards the global phase down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), very potent greenhouse gases;

　　——同意就全球削減氫氟碳化物這種強效溫室氣體攜手合作;

　　– created the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center, which facilitates collaborative work in carbon capture and storage technologies, energy efficiency in buildings, and clean vehicles; and

　　——成立了中美清潔能源研究中心，促進(jìn)雙方在碳捕集和封存技術(shù)、建筑能效和清潔汽車(chē)方面的合作;

　　– agreed on a joint peer review of inefficient fossil fuel subsidies under the G-20.

　　——同意在二十國集團下就低效化石能源補貼進(jìn)行聯(lián)合同行審議。

　　7. The two sides intend to continue strengthening their policy dialogue and practical cooperation, including cooperation on advanced coal technologies, nuclear energy, shale gas and renewable energy, which will help optimize the energy mix and reduce emissions, including from coal, in both countries. To further support achieving their ambitious climate goals, today the two sides announced additional measures to strengthen and expand their cooperation, using the existing vehicles, in particular the U.S.-China Climate Change Working Group, the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center and the U.S.-China Strategic and Economic Dialogue. These include:

　　七、雙方計劃繼續加強政策對話(huà)和務(wù)實(shí)合作，包括在先進(jìn)煤炭技術(shù)、核能、頁(yè)巖氣和可再生能源方面的合作，這將有助于兩國優(yōu)化能源結構并減少包括產(chǎn)生自煤炭的排放。為進(jìn)一步支持落實(shí)兩國富有雄心的氣候目標，雙方于今天宣布了通過(guò)現有途徑特別是中美氣候變化工作組、中美清潔能源研究中心和中美戰略與經(jīng)濟對話(huà)加強和擴大兩國合作的進(jìn)一步措施。這些措施包括：

　　– Expanding Joint Clean Energy Research and Development: A renewed commitment to the U.S.-China Clean Energy Research Center, including continued funding for three existing tracks on building efficiency, clean vehicles and advanced coal technology and launching a new track on the energy-water nexus;

　　——擴大清潔能源聯(lián)合研發(fā)：繼續支持中美清潔能源研究中心，包括繼續為建筑能效、清潔汽車(chē)和先進(jìn)煤炭技術(shù)等三大現有研究領(lǐng)域提供資金支持，并開(kāi)辟關(guān)于能源與水相聯(lián)系的新研究領(lǐng)域;

　　– Advancing Major Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Demonstrations: Establishment of a major new carbon storage project based in China through an international public-private consortium led by the United States and China to intensively study and monitor carbon storage using industrial CO2 and also work together on a new Enhanced Water Recovery (EWR) pilot project to produce fresh water from CO2 injection into deep saline aquifers;

　　——推進(jìn)碳捕集、利用和封存重大示范：經(jīng)由中美兩國主導的公私聯(lián)營(yíng)體在中國建立一個(gè)重大碳捕集新項目，以深入研究和監測利用工業(yè)排放二氧化碳進(jìn)行碳封存，并就向深鹽水層注入二氧化碳以獲得淡水的提高采水率新試驗項目進(jìn)行合作;

　　– Launching a Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities Initiative: In response to growing urbanization and increasingly significant greenhouse gas emissions from cities and recognizing the potential for local leaders to undertake significant climate action, the United States and China will establish a new initiative on Climate-Smart/Low-Carbon Cities under the CCWG. As a first step, the United States and China will convene a Climate-Smart/ Low-Carbon Cities Summit where leading cities from both countries will share best practices, set new goals and celebrate city-level leadership in reducing carbon emissions and building resilience;

　　——啟動(dòng)氣候智慧型/低碳城市倡議：為了解決正在發(fā)展的城鎮化和日益增大的城市溫室氣體排放，并認識到地方領(lǐng)導人采取重大氣候行動(dòng)的潛力，中美兩國將在氣候變化工作組下建立一個(gè)關(guān)于氣候智慧型/低碳城市的新倡議。作為第一步，中美兩國將召開(kāi)一次氣候智慧型/低碳城市峰會(huì )，屆時(shí)兩國在此領(lǐng)域領(lǐng)先的城市將分享其最佳實(shí)踐、設立新的目標并展示城市層面在減少碳排放和構建適應能力方面的領(lǐng)導力;

　　– Promoting Trade in Green Goods: Encouraging bilateral trade in sustainable environmental goods and clean energy technologies, including through a U.S. trade mission led by Secretaries Moniz and Pritzker in April 2015 that will focus on smart low-carbon cities and smart low-carbon growth technologies; and

　　——推進(jìn)綠色產(chǎn)品貿易：鼓勵在可持續環(huán)境產(chǎn)品和清潔能源技術(shù)方面的雙邊貿易，包括由美國能源部長(cháng)莫尼茲和商務(wù)部長(cháng)普里茨克率領(lǐng)以智慧低碳城市和智慧低碳增長(cháng)技術(shù)為主題的貿易代表團于2015年4月訪(fǎng)華;

　　– Demonstrating Clean Energy on the Ground: Additional pilot programs, feasibility studies and other collaborative projects in the areas of building efficiency, boiler efficiency, solar energy and smart grids.

　　——實(shí)地示范清潔能源：在建筑能效、鍋爐效率、太陽(yáng)能和智能電網(wǎng)方面開(kāi)展更多試驗活動(dòng)、可行性研究和其他合作項目。

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