知其然才能知其所以然!所以，攻克gmat語(yǔ)法的第一步，就是了解gmat語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)!下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于gmat語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)的相關(guān)詳解，僅供大家參考。
一、平行結構
1、定義：平行結構就是要求句子當中，可比較的句子成分(Comparable sentence parts)必須在結構上和邏輯上相似。
2、解題注意：做題的時(shí)候要注意遵循“形式對稱(chēng)、概念對等、功能相同、意思單一”這四大原則。
3、標志詞：and /or/ but yet / both and / not only but also/ either or/not but， rather than ，not X but (rather) Y ，more X than Y, the same to X as to Y
4、例題： There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensively used method has been the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid in the wall in mud mortar.
(A) the forming of bricks out of mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they are laid
(B) forming the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them
(C) having bricks formed from mud or clay, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, they were laid
(D) to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them
(E) that bricks were formed from mud or clay, which, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, were laid
解析：由日常邏輯判斷可知，“the forming of bricks out of mud or clay”和“they(bricks) are laid”用“and”連接，其實(shí)是砌墻的兩個(gè)步驟，其邏輯含義應該是平行的，但語(yǔ)法結構上兩者并不平行。 (A)、(B)、(C)、(D)中只有(D)平行，且平行結構的語(yǔ)義很合理。 (E)不用平行，且“which引導的從句”跳躍修飾，因此選擇(D)。
二、比較結構
1、定義：比較結構指一個(gè)人、事、物與另一個(gè)人、事、物或幾個(gè)人事物之間就行為、性質(zhì)、特征進(jìn)行比較，也可以是數量上的比較和對比。
2、解題注意：做題的時(shí)候要注意gmat邏輯概念是否可以比較，比較點(diǎn)雙方是否存在并且是否可以比較;比較雙方是否形式一致，比較是否清晰。
3、標志詞： than, Like, Unlike, More than, Less than, Faster than, different from, in contrast with/to, Compare to, as, as (adj.) as, as much as, as fast as, the same as.
4、例題：Like the idolization accorded the Bront?s and Brownings, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are often subjected to the kind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and the human being.
(A) Like the idolization accorded the Bront?s and Brownings,
(B) As the Bront?s’ and Brownings’ idolization,
(C) Like that accorded to the Bront?s and Brownings,
(D) As it is of the Bront?s and Brownings,
(E) Like the Bront?s and Brownings,
解析：“like”是比較結構的標志，要求兩邊的比較對象要平行可比，“as”單獨使用連接名詞性結構時(shí)表達的含義并非比較，而是“作為”，由于比較對象不可比，立即排除(A)、(B)和(C)�？匆�(jiàn)代詞找指代(D)中代詞“it”無(wú)所指代，立即排除。因此選擇(E)。
三、代詞考點(diǎn)
1、標志詞：it，its，they，them;that，those和which
2、解題注意：如果劃線(xiàn)部分有代詞，接下來(lái)就要:判斷先行詞是否存在;先行詞是否唯一，一個(gè)代詞只能指代一個(gè)先行詞;先行詞和代詞是否符合邏輯意義。即句子結構是否合理，是否通順，意思表達是否清楚;先行詞與代詞的單復數是否一致，一一對應。另外，that，those等詞也可以指代前面的名詞，但一定要有修飾成分，不能單獨指代名詞。還有，it與which不能指代前面整件事整句話(huà)的意思。
四、動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
1、標志詞：
過(guò)去時(shí)：originally, from 1978 to 1985,previously
完成時(shí)態(tài)：since; within/during/over/in+the past/last/recent+時(shí)間短語(yǔ)
將來(lái)時(shí)：possibility that…/likelihood that…/expect that…標準書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,優(yōu)先使用一般將來(lái)時(shí),主觀(guān)將來(lái)時(shí)用be supposed to do,較少用be going to do,不用be to be doing/be to be done
一般現在時(shí)：common， the most common reasons, the common procedure
過(guò)去完成時(shí)(這是個(gè)易錯點(diǎn))的使用：必須在語(yǔ)義上有時(shí)間的對照(不一定會(huì )有一般過(guò)去時(shí)的出現)，來(lái)反映出發(fā)生在過(guò)去的過(guò)去。
2、例題：Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal levels of body heat because they have a heat-exchange network which kept the brain from getting too hot.
(A) which kept
(B) that keeps
(C) which has kept
(D) that has been keeping
(E) having kept
解析：動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)：由日常邏輯可知，句子的本意是介紹肉食動(dòng)物能忍受高溫的科學(xué)原理，因此“keep”最合理的時(shí)態(tài)應該是一般現在時(shí)。一般現在時(shí)可以表示現在的日常情況，也可以用于一般的無(wú)時(shí)間特征敘述，本題的情況屬于后者，因此(B)的一般現在時(shí)表意更優(yōu)。答案是B
五、邏輯主語(yǔ)和主謂一致
1、定義：位于句首的doing或done的動(dòng)作發(fā)出者或承受著(zhù)即為邏輯主語(yǔ)，邏輯主語(yǔ)等于主句主語(yǔ)。邏輯主語(yǔ)判斷完之后，緊接著(zhù)gmat語(yǔ)法要注意的就要注意單復數的情況，也就是主謂一致問(wèn)題。
2、解題注意：主謂一致考察的時(shí)候要注意四個(gè)原則，
1)隨前一致原則就是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞保持一致。常見(jiàn)的結構為A with B，其中B為伴隨詞，以A決定主謂。
2)隨后一致原則是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與前面的名詞保持一致。常見(jiàn)結構為not only A but also B，其中A為伴隨詞，以B決定主謂。
3)就近原則就是指以靠近的名詞決定主謂，常見(jiàn)結構，there be。
4)A and B原則是指當A and B出現時(shí)，所用謂語(yǔ)為復數。