第一節 常用介詞
托?键c(diǎn)一 常用介詞的用法
常用介詞包括簡(jiǎn)單的,
如:in, on, at, from, to, like, of, for, after, before, by, with, to, since, between, etc.;
還有一些組合的,如:into, onto, out of, throughout, within, upon, etc.
這些詞的具體用法需要下功夫搞清,在TOEFL題中都有所體現。
例題:
(1)----one time, Manchester, New Hampshire, was the home of the most productive cotton mills in the world.
(A) On
(B) At
(C) By
(D) To
答案:B
解釋?zhuān)簱x項可知需填介詞,詞組at one time意為“曾經(jīng)、一度”,符合句意。
托?键c(diǎn)二 及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞
在改錯題目中,經(jīng)常會(huì )出現混淆及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞,
(1) 不及物動(dòng)詞后面必須要加上介詞,比如go Guangzhou(到廣州去),這樣表達是不對的,必須改為 go to Guangzhou
(2) 而及物動(dòng)詞后面不能隨意加上介詞,因為及物動(dòng)詞后面可以直接接名詞
比如 find the mistake (尋找錯誤) , 不應該說(shuō) find for the mistake
第二節 介賓短語(yǔ)
介詞不能單獨使用,而必須和其他詞連用,這些詞稱(chēng)作介詞的賓語(yǔ),它們共同構成的介賓短語(yǔ)常在句中作狀語(yǔ),作名詞的后置定語(yǔ),有時(shí)作某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)。
托?键c(diǎn)一 名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
大部分介詞的賓語(yǔ)都是由名詞(包括代詞)充當的,如:under the tree, during the day, 這一考點(diǎn)在題中多次出現
例題:
(1)
The development of mechanical timepieces spurred the search for ----with which to regulate them.
(A) more accurate than sundials
(B) more accurate sundials
(C) sundials more accurately
(D) more accurately than sundials
答案:B
解釋?zhuān)簊earch for缺少賓語(yǔ), 只有B是表達無(wú)誤的名詞詞組, 可以作賓語(yǔ);其他選項的比較形式都有錯。
托?键c(diǎn)二 動(dòng)名詞作介詞賓語(yǔ)
名詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),之后不能再接賓語(yǔ),這一缺陷可由動(dòng)名詞彌補。
如:before doing the job , after getting back
改錯題中常把應該用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)的地方誤用為名詞或不定式,需留心陷阱
例題:
(1)Copper sulfate, spread in judicious amounts, kills algae ----harming fish or aquatic invert-ebrates.
(A) does not
(B) but does no
(C) except
(D) without
答案:D
解釋?zhuān)篽arming 是動(dòng)名詞形式, 因此要求前面的詞是介詞或可接動(dòng)名詞的動(dòng)詞. A B 可首先排除; C 雖是介詞, 但與句意不符.
托?键c(diǎn)三 連接從句或不定式
介詞之后還可以接賓語(yǔ)從句或不定式短語(yǔ),但要借助于
連接代詞 (如:what , which, whom)
或連接副詞 (如:how, when,where)
例句: I knew nothing about how he got the green card.
She‘s pretty hesitant about which one to choose.
例題:
(1)The Cubists were concerned with how----a given subject from different points of view simultaneously.
(A) represented
(B) do they represent
(C) to represent
(D) representing
答案:C
解釋?zhuān)航樵~with后面的賓語(yǔ)不完整, C 是不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ). A D都不足以和how構成賓語(yǔ)從句; B不應用疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序, 若去掉do則是正確的