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留學(xué)網(wǎng) > GRE考試 > 新GRE考試詞匯解析:物理專(zhuān)業(yè)

新GRE考試詞匯解析:物理專(zhuān)業(yè)

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2017-11-09編輯:bin

  Heat Conduction熱傳導

  原文:When a substance is heated, heat is passed from its hotter part to its cooler part. This way of passing heat is called conduction. Metals conduct heat easily. They are good conductors. Non-metals, such as wood, glass and plastic cannot conduct heat easily. They are bad conductors.

  翻譯:物質(zhì)受熱時(shí),熱量從溫度高的地方向溫度低的地方傳遞。這種熱的傳遞方式叫傳導。金屬容易導熱,是良好的導體。非金屬,如木頭、璃、塑料,不易導熱,不是良好的導體。

  講解:上文中,substance是指物質(zhì),物質(zhì)也可以用matter來(lái)表示。Conduct是傳遞、傳導的意思,做動(dòng)詞時(shí)重音在后,讀作/ kənˈdʌkt/,conduct的名詞形式是conduction,導體為conductor。導熱,可以說(shuō)heat conduction,也可以用passing heat來(lái)表達。

  Travel of Sound聲音的傳播

  原文:Sound is produced when things vibrate, like beating a drum or beating a guitar.Sound has to travel through solid, liquid or air to ears. When the sound is blocked by other things, it become less loud and clear. Sound travels better through liquid that through air. It travels best through solid.

  翻譯:聲音是通過(guò)震動(dòng)產(chǎn)生的,例如敲鼓或彈吉他。聲音通過(guò)固體、液體或空氣傳入耳朵。當聲音被其他物質(zhì)阻擋時(shí),聲音會(huì )變小、變得不清晰。聲音在液體中傳播比在氣體中傳播快,在固體中傳播最快。

  講解:travel除了指旅行,也可以表示傳播,例如travel of sound聲音的傳播, travel of light光的傳播。第一句sound is produced when things vibrate是一個(gè)被動(dòng)句,由be produced構成被動(dòng)結構;這句話(huà)中,vibrate的意思是震動(dòng)。這段中三個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞為solid固體,liquid液體和air空氣。

  Refraction of light光的折射

  原文:Air, water and glass can let light pass through. They are called medium. When light passes from one medium to another, such as from water to air, its direction changes. This is called the refraction of light. The words under thick glass look higher up. The chopstick dipped into water looks bent. The rainbow looks curved. These are some examples of light refraction.

  翻譯:空氣、水和璃可以使光通過(guò),他們叫做介質(zhì)。當光從一種介質(zhì)傳播到另一種介質(zhì),例如從水射入空氣,方向會(huì )發(fā)生變化,這一現象叫光的折射。厚璃下面的字看起來(lái)更高。浸入水中的筷子看起來(lái)彎曲。彩虹是彎的。這些都是光的折射。

  講解:medium是介質(zhì)的意思,介質(zhì)是指能夠傳播能量的載體。Dip,浸蘸。Curve用作名詞是曲線(xiàn)的意思,curved為形容詞,彎曲的。

  以上一些例子中,句子大多為簡(jiǎn)單句,語(yǔ)言并不算難。我們可以看到,一些常見(jiàn)的詞匯,例如medium媒介,在物理學(xué)科中就成為了專(zhuān)有名詞。如果有相關(guān)的物理背景知識,還是很好理解的。有很多我們日常生活中認識的詞匯,在科學(xué)背景的材料中似乎就變得難以理解了。這是因為我們欠缺相關(guān)的專(zhuān)業(yè)知識,不知道這個(gè)詞在這樣的語(yǔ)境下是什么意思。為了避免這種情況,需要多積累廣泛的背景知識,并在學(xué)習的時(shí)候充分調動(dòng)起來(lái)。

  力force

  速度velocity

  熱heat

  溫度temperature

  固體solid

  液體liquid

  氣體gas

  晶體crystal

  熔點(diǎn)melting point

  凝固點(diǎn)solidifying point

  汽化vaporization

  蒸發(fā)evaporation

  沸騰boiling

  液化liquefaction

  升華sublimation

  凝華condensation

  熱傳遞heat transfer

  熱傳導heat conduction

  熱對流heat convection

  熱輻射heat radiation

  吸收absorb(v.)

  放出release(v.)

  璃glass

  磁體magnet

  燈泡light bulb

  試管test tube

  漏斗filter funnel

  燒杯 beaker

  量杯 graduated cylinder

  重力gravity

  浮力buoyancy force

  電electricity

  正極positive plate

  負極negative plate

  電壓voltage

  伏特Volt

  摩擦起電electrification by friction

  電路electric circuit

  電源power source

  導線(xiàn)wire

  電鍵/開(kāi)關(guān)key(switch)

  電流electric current

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