考研英語(yǔ)翻譯得分率每年都不高，的確，翻譯能力不是一朝一夕可以提升的，但是大家可以通過(guò)掌握一些方法技巧來(lái)幫助自己提分。下面是小編為大家整理收集的關(guān)于2017考研英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)及結構轉換法的相關(guān)內容，希望對大家有所幫助。
一、詞類(lèi)轉換
轉譯成動(dòng)詞
1.名詞轉換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Interest in historical methods has arisen，less through external challenge to the validity of history as an intellectual discipline and more from internal quarrels among historians themselves.
分析:interest在原文中是名詞，而在譯文中為了符合中文的表達方式，在不改變意思的前提下，將它改成動(dòng)詞。
參考譯文: 人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法，主要是因為史學(xué)家們內部分歧過(guò)大，其次才是因為外界并不認為歷史是一門(mén)學(xué)科。(1999年真題)
經(jīng)典例題: With the click of a mouse，information from the other end of the globe will be transported to your computer screen at the dizzying speed of seven_and_a_half times around the earth per second.
參考譯文: 只要一點(diǎn)鼠標，來(lái)自世界另一端的信息便會(huì )以每秒繞地球七周半的驚人速度傳輸到你的電腦屏幕上。
2.形容詞轉換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion problems arising from mass migration movements-themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.
參考譯文: 由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動(dòng)(現代交通工具使大量人口流動(dòng)變得相對容易)所造成的種種問(wèn)題也會(huì )增加社會(huì )壓力。(2000年真題)
經(jīng)典例題: Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life.
參考譯文: 醫生們說(shuō)他們不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。
Success is dependent on his effort.
參考譯文 成功與否取決于他的努力。
3.副詞轉換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: She opened the window to let fresh air in.
參考譯文: 她把窗子打開(kāi)，讓新鮮空氣進(jìn)來(lái)。
4.介詞轉換成動(dòng)詞
經(jīng)典例題: Many laboratories are developing medicines against AIDS.
參考譯文: 許多實(shí)驗室正在研制治療艾滋病的藥物。
經(jīng)典例題: "Coming!"Away she skimmed over the lawn，up the path，up the steps，across the veranda，and into the porch.
參考譯文: "來(lái)了!"她轉身蹦著(zhù)跳著(zhù)地跑了，越過(guò)草地，跑上小徑，跨上臺階，穿過(guò)涼臺，進(jìn)了門(mén)廊。
轉換成名詞
1.動(dòng)詞轉換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: The university aims at the first rate of the world.
參考譯文學(xué)校的目標是世界一流。
經(jīng)典例題: The net and electronic commerce will foster a large number of free_fancers，and this will affect social structure in a big way.
參考譯文: 網(wǎng)絡(luò )和電子商業(yè)將會(huì )造就一大批自由職業(yè)者，從而將對社會(huì )結構產(chǎn)生深遠的影響。
經(jīng)典例題: Numerous abstentions marked the French elections.
參考譯文: 這次法國選舉的特點(diǎn)是棄權的人多。
2.形容詞轉換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: They did their best to help the sick and the wounded.
參考譯文: 他們盡了最大努力幫助病號和傷號。
經(jīng)典例題: The different production cost is closely associated with the sources of power.
參考譯文: 生產(chǎn)成本的差異與能源密切相關(guān)。
3.代詞轉換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: According to a growing body of evidence，the chemicals that make up many plastics may migrate out of the material and into foods and fluids，ending up in your body.
分析: your body直譯是"你的身體"，而細讀原文，我們發(fā)現其實(shí)your body是泛指人體。作者為了引起與讀者的共鳴，用了與讀者更息息相關(guān)的your。在翻譯時(shí)，應將此代詞轉換成名詞，體現其真實(shí)含義。
參考譯文 越來(lái)越多的證據表明，許多塑料制品的化學(xué)成分會(huì )移動(dòng)到食物或流體上去，最終進(jìn)入人體內。
經(jīng)典例題: Though we can't see it，there is air all around us.參考譯文雖然我們看不見(jiàn)空氣，可我們周?chē)教幎加锌諝狻?/p>
4.副詞轉換成名詞
經(jīng)典例題: The new type of machine is shown schematically in Figure1.
參考譯文 圖一所示是這種新型機器的簡(jiǎn)圖。
經(jīng)典例題: Internally the earth consists of two parts，a core and a mantle.參考譯文地球的內部由兩部分組成:地核和地幔。
轉換成形容詞
1.副詞轉換成形容詞
經(jīng)典例題: The engineer had prepared meticulously for his design.
參考譯文: 工程師為這次設計做了十分周密的準備。
經(jīng)典例題: When tables and other materials are included，they should be conveniently placed，so that a student can consult them without turning over too many pages.
參考譯文: 當書(shū)中列有表格或其他參考資料時(shí)，應當將這些內容編排在適當的位置，以便使學(xué)生在查閱時(shí)，不必翻太多的書(shū)頁(yè)。
2.名詞轉換成形容詞
經(jīng)典例題: Most teenagers feel no difficulty in learning and operating computers.
參考譯文: 絕大部分青少年在學(xué)習和操作電腦方面并不覺(jué)得困難。
經(jīng)典例題: The instrument has been welcomed by users because of its stability in serviceability，reliability in operation and simplicity in maintenance.
參考譯文: 該儀器性能穩定，操作可靠，維護方便，因而受到用戶(hù)的歡迎。
轉換成副詞
形容詞轉換成副詞
經(jīng)典例題: The wide application of electronic machines in scientific work，in designing and in economic calculations will free man from the labor of complicated computations.
參考譯文: 在科學(xué)研究、設計和經(jīng)濟計算方面廣泛地應用電子計算機可以使人們從繁重的計算勞動(dòng)中解放出來(lái)。
經(jīng)典例題: By dialing the right number，you may be able to select a play，golf lesson or lecture in physics，from a pre-taped library in a remote city，for showing on your home screen.
參考譯文 只要撥對了號碼，你就可以在家里電視機上選看到由遠方城市一座圖書(shū)館發(fā)出的預先錄制的一出戲，一堂打高爾夫球的講課，或者一次物理學(xué)講演。
二、結構轉換
結構轉換著(zhù)眼于句子成分的相互轉換和基本句型的改變。句子成分的相互轉換主要在主語(yǔ)與賓語(yǔ)，補語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)與狀語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)之間進(jìn)行。
句子成分的轉換
1.非主語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ)
經(jīng)典例題: Since the invention of the transistor at the Bell Telephone Laboratories in1984，it has found its way into varied applications in the commercial，industrial and military fields.
參考譯文: 自從1984年貝爾電話(huà)研究所發(fā)明晶體管以來(lái)，晶體管的種種應用已遍及商業(yè)、工業(yè)和軍事各個(gè)領(lǐng)域。(狀語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ))
經(jīng)典例題: Television is different from radio in that it sends and receives pictures.
參考譯文: 電視和無(wú)線(xiàn)電的不同點(diǎn)在于電視能收發(fā)圖像。(表語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ))
經(jīng)典例題: Matter is usually electrically neutral，that is，it has as many protons，as electrons.
參考譯文: 物質(zhì)通常是不帶電的，就是說(shuō)，它的質(zhì)子和電子數量是相等的。(賓語(yǔ)譯成主語(yǔ))
2.非謂語(yǔ)譯成謂語(yǔ)
經(jīng)典例題: There is a need for improvement in your study habits.
參考譯文: 你的學(xué)習習慣需要改進(jìn)。(主語(yǔ)譯成謂語(yǔ))
3.非賓語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ)
經(jīng)典例題: He is admired by everybody.
參考譯文: 大家都很欽佩他。(主語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ))
經(jīng)典例題: Materials to be used for structural purpose are chosen so as to behave elastically in the environmental condition.
參考譯文: 用于結構上的材料必須選擇得使它們在周?chē)h(huán)境條件下具有彈性。(狀語(yǔ)譯成賓語(yǔ))
4.非狀語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ)
經(jīng)典例題: He drew a deep breath.
參考譯文: 他深深地吸了一口氣。(定語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ))
經(jīng)典例題: Pictures show him in the company of men like Churchill，Einstein and Gandhi.
參考譯文: 在這些照片中我們可以看到他和邱吉爾、愛(ài)因斯坦、甘地這些人的交往。(主語(yǔ)譯成狀語(yǔ))
基本句型的轉化
1.簡(jiǎn)單句轉換成復合句
經(jīng)典例題: At the slightest improvement in my work they would show warm approval.
參考譯文 我工作稍有進(jìn)步，他們就熱情肯定。
2.復合句轉換成簡(jiǎn)單句
經(jīng)典例題: This causes the construction of gigantic buildings where too large masses of human beings are crowded together.
參考譯文: 這樣就蓋起了許多人聚居的高樓大廈。