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英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八考試TEM閱讀理解提分訓練

　　"Youth is a heavy rain, even a cold, but also looking forward to pouring it back once again."以下是小編為大家搜索整理的英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八考試TEM閱讀理解提分訓練，希望能給大家帶來(lái)幫助!更多精彩內容請及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!

英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八考試TEM閱讀理解提分訓練

　　Personality is to a large extent inherent -- A-type parents usually bring about A-type offspring. But the environment must also have a profound effect, since if competition is important to the parents, it is likely to become a major factor in the lives of their children.

　　One place where children soak up A-characteristics is school, which is, by its very nature, a highly competitive institution. Too many schools adopt the ‘win at all costs’ moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B-type fellows. Being too keen to win can have dangerous consequences: remember that Pheidippides, the first marathon runner, dropped dead seconds after saying: “Rejoice, we conquer!”

　　By far the worst form of competition in schools is the disproportionate emphasis on examinations. It is a rare school that allows pupils to concentrate on those things they do well. The merits of competition by examination are somewhat questionable, but competition in the certain knowledge of failure is positively harmful.

　　Obviously, it is neither practical nor desirable that all A-youngsters change into B’s. The world needs A types, and schools have an important duty to try to fit a child’s personality to his possible future employment. It is top management.

　　If the preoccupation of schools with academic work was lessened, more time might be spent teaching children surer values. Perhaps selection for the caring professions, especially medicine, could be made less by good grades in chemistry and more by such considerations as sensitivity and sympathy. It is surely a mistake to choose our doctors exclusively from A-type stock. B’s are important and should be encouraged.

　　習題

　　1. According to the passage, A-type individuals are usually ________.

　　[A] impatient

　　[B] considerate

　　[C] aggressive

　　[D] agreeable

　　2. The author is strongly opposed to the practice of examinations at schools because ________.

　　[A] the pressure is too great on the students

　　[B] some students are bound to fail

　　[C] failure rates are too high

　　[D] the results of exanimations are doubtful

　　3. The selection of medical professionals is currently based on ________.

　　[A] candidates’ sensitivity

　　[B] academic achievements

　　[C] competitive spirit

　　[D] surer values

　　4. From the passage we can draw the conclusion that ________.

　　[A] the personality of a child is well established at birth

　　[B] family influence dominates the shaping of one’s characteristics

　　[C] the development of one’s personality is due to multiple factors

　　[D] B-type characteristics can find no place in competitive society

　　全文翻譯

　　人的個(gè)性很大程度上取決于遺傳—A型父母通常生養出A型子女。但是環(huán)境也應該有深遠的影響，因為如果競爭對父母來(lái)說(shuō)很重要，那它也可能成為孩子生活中的一個(gè)重要因素。

　　學(xué)校是培養A型孩子的場(chǎng)所，從本質(zhì)來(lái)講，學(xué)校是一個(gè)高度競爭性的機構。太多的學(xué)校遵從“不惜一切代價(jià)求勝”的道德標準并以運動(dòng)成績(jì)來(lái)衡量其成功。目前熱衷于讓孩子與同學(xué)競爭或與時(shí)間賽跑造成了一種雙重體制。在這種體制中，競爭性的A型學(xué)生在某些方面似乎比B型的學(xué)生要好。對勝利過(guò)于執著(zhù)也會(huì )帶來(lái)危險的后果。請記住，第一位馬拉松運動(dòng)員菲底庇德斯在說(shuō)完“歡慶吧，我們征服了!”之后幾秒鐘便倒地喪生。

　　學(xué)校最糟糕的競爭方式是對考試的過(guò)分重視。能允許學(xué)生專(zhuān)注于所擅長(cháng)之事的學(xué)校實(shí)為罕見(jiàn)。通過(guò)考試競爭這種做法的好處本身有點(diǎn)值得懷疑，但在明確知曉有人會(huì )在考試中失敗的前提下仍進(jìn)行競爭是肯定有害的。

　　顯然，讓所有A型兒童都轉變?yōu)锽型既不現實(shí)也并不必要。世界需要不同的類(lèi)型，學(xué)校的重要職責就是要努力使兒童的個(gè)性適合于他將來(lái)的職業(yè)。這是最高水平的教育經(jīng)營(yíng)。

　　如果學(xué)校少強調一下學(xué)業(yè)，也許就有更多的時(shí)間向孩子傳授更重要的價(jià)值觀(guān)念。也許對照料性職業(yè)的人員選擇，尤其是醫務(wù)工作，可以少參照他們的化學(xué)成績(jì)，而要更多地考慮他們的敏感性和同情心。完全從A型人中挑選醫生肯定是錯誤的。B型人也很重要，應該受到鼓勵。

　　重點(diǎn)句

　　Too many schools adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.

　　該句意義：

　　該句直接抨擊了學(xué)習以成就去估量一個(gè)人是否成功(measure the success by sporting achievements)、以成敗論英雄的社會(huì )必然造就很多“不惜一切代價(jià)獲取成功”(win at all costs)的人的這一事實(shí)，可以引申該內容與社會(huì )競爭中的不擇手段和毫無(wú)道德相聯(lián)系。在考研寫(xiě)作中，我們可以完全參照寫(xiě)出相應的句子。比如：Too many people adopt the “win at all costs” moral standard and measure their success by sporting achievements.