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2018專(zhuān)八閱讀理解練習題《智力測試》
2018的專(zhuān)八備考初期，考生可以有計劃地進(jìn)行一些專(zhuān)八閱讀理解題目練習，下面是小編為大家整理的一篇2018專(zhuān)八閱讀理解練習題，供大家練習。
About the time that schools and others quite reasonably became interested in seeing to it that all children, whatever their background, were fairly treated.intelligence testing became unpopular.
Some thought it was unfair to minority children. Through the past few decades such testing has gone out offashion and many communities have indeed forbidden it.
However. paradoxically. just recently a group of black parents filed lawsuit(訴訟)in California claimingthat the state's ban on IQ testing discriminates against their children by denying them the opportunity totake the test (They believed correctly, that IQ tests are a valid method of evaluating children for special education classes.) The judge, therefore. reversed, at least partially. his original decision.
And so the argument goes on and on. Does it benefit or harm children from minority groups to have their intelligence tested? We have always been on the side of permitting. even facilitating, such testing. If a child of any color or group is doing poorly in school it seems to us very important to know whether it is because he or she is of low intelligence. or whether some other factor is the cause.
What school and family can do to improve poor performance is influenced by its cause. It is not discriminative to evaluate either a child's physical condition or his intellectual level.
Unfortunately, intellectual level seems to be a sensitive subject, and what the law allows us to do variesfrom time to time. The same fluctuation back and forth occurs in areas other than intelligence. Thirty years or so ago. for instance, white families were encouraged co adopt black children. It was considered discriminative not to do so.
And then the style changed and this cross-racial adopting became generally unpopular, and social agencies felt that black children should go to black families only. It is hard to say what are the best procedures.But surely good will on the part of all of us is needed.
As to intelligence. in our opinion, the more we know about any child's intellectual level, the better for the child in question.
1. Why did the intelligence test become unpopular in the past few decades?
A) Its validity was challenged by many communities.
B) It was considered discriminative against minority children.
C) It met with strong opposition from the majority of black parents.
D) It deprived the black children of their rights to a good education.
2. The recent legal action taken by some black parents in California aimed to
A) draw public attention to IQ testing
B) put an end to special education
C) remove the state's ban on intelligence tests
D) have their children enter white schools
3. The author believes that intelligence testing_____________.
A) may ease racial confrontation in the United States
B) can encourage black children to keep up with white children
C) may seriously aggravate racial discrimination in the United States
D) can help black parents make decisions about their children’s education
4. The author's opinion of child adoption seems to be that________________.
A) no rules whatsoever can be prescribed
B) white families should adopt black children
C) adoption should be based on IQ test results
D) cross-racial adoption is to be advocated
5. Child adoption is mentioned in the passage to show that_________________.
A) good will may sometimes complicate racial problems
B)social surroundings are vital to the healthy growth of children
C) intelligence testing also applies to non-academic areas
D) American opinion can shift when it comes to sensitive issues
答案：
1.過(guò)去的幾十年當中，為什么智力測驗不受歡迎?
A)很多社群質(zhì)疑智力測驗的有效性。
B)智力測驗被視作歧視少數兒童。
C)智力測驗受到了來(lái)自大多數黑人父母的反對。
D)智力測驗剝奪了黑人孩子受良好教育的權利。
[B]根據文章第2段“有些人認為智力測驗對少數民族兒童不公平。因此，在過(guò)去的幾十年里，智力測驗已不再流行，在有些社區甚至被禁止了”，這里的it指代前面的intelligence testing。因此，B與文章所表達的意思一致。
2.最近一些加州的黑人父母采取的法律行動(dòng)是旨在__________________。
A)引起大眾對智力測驗的關(guān)注
B)結束特殊教育
C)消除加州的智力測驗禁令
D)讓自己的孩子進(jìn)入白人學(xué)校就讀
[C]根據文章第3段第2句“最近，一群黑人父母提出訴訟，聲稱(chēng)該州禁止智商測驗剝奪了他們的孩子接受這種測驗的機會(huì )，是對孩子的歧視”，由此可判斷黑人父母要求取消對智力測試的禁令。故此，應該選C。
3.作者認為智力測驗________________。
A)會(huì )緩和美國的種族對抗
B)能夠鼓勵黑人孩子趕上白人該子
C)會(huì )嚴重地激化美國的種族歧視
D)可以幫助黑人家長(cháng)決定孩子的教育問(wèn)題
[D]根據文章第4段末句和第5段首句“如果任何一種膚色的小孩在學(xué)校的成績(jì)不好，弄清楚是由于他的智商低.還是由于其他原因引起的對我們來(lái)說(shuō)似乎很重要;學(xué)校和家庭只有弄清楚孩子成績(jì)不好的原因才能幫助孩子”，因此，應選D。
4.作者對于收養兒童的意見(jiàn)似乎是____________________。
A)沒(méi)有什么法則可出臺
B)白人家庭應該收養黑人孩子
C)收養應該基于智力測驗的結果之上
D)應該倡導跨種族收養
[A]根據文章第7段末句“因此，很難說(shuō)到底怎樣才是最好的。但肯定無(wú)疑的是，我們大家都需要有善意”，由此可推斷，人們并不能制定某種規則來(lái)限制它，故此，A與文章的意思相符。
5.文章中提到收養兒童是為了顯示_______________。
A)良好的意愿有的時(shí)候會(huì )將種族問(wèn)題復雜化
B)社會(huì )環(huán)境對于兒童的健康成長(cháng)至關(guān)重要
C)智力測驗對于非學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域也同樣適用
D)美國人對于敏感議題的意見(jiàn)會(huì )發(fā)生變化
[D]文章第6段前兩句，作者提出“智商水平似乎是個(gè)敏感的問(wèn)題。法律允許我們不時(shí)改變觀(guān)點(diǎn)。在智商以外的其他領(lǐng)域也存在著(zhù)這種來(lái)來(lái)回回不斷變化的情況”，兒童收養問(wèn)題只是作者舉的一個(gè)例子，旨在說(shuō)明在一些敏感問(wèn)題上，人們的觀(guān)點(diǎn)可以不斷變化的情況。故選D。
附：2018專(zhuān)八閱讀理解攻略
1.認真審題，找出文中根據
首先要認真仔細地看清題干和四個(gè)選擇項，尤其要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
(1) 有時(shí)候題干會(huì )出現這樣的問(wèn)句：
Which of the following statements is NOT true?
The following statements are true EXCEPT .
在這里，要特別注意這個(gè)not，是問(wèn)你“不正確的，錯誤的”選項，即哪一項是不符合原文內容的。類(lèi)似否定式提問(wèn)往往造成考生的誤看，所以要特別留意這樣的題型。
(2) 從出題角度看，有的試題四個(gè)選項的文字用得極其相似，有時(shí)甚至只相差一個(gè)單詞，很容易造成視覺(jué)干擾，使考生一下子難以辨認真偽。因此考生要特別注意四個(gè)選項之間的細微區別。
(3) 一定要將四個(gè)選擇項全部看完，在考生認為前一兩個(gè)選擇項正確的時(shí)候，往往不再注意后面選項，這樣很容易出錯，尤其在前面選項碰巧是干擾項的時(shí)候。
另外，在文中尋找試題答案時(shí)，可以把與試題有關(guān)的詞、句、語(yǔ)段劃出來(lái)，分別標上試題的序號，然后對照研讀，做出判斷。這樣有利于縮小攝取有效信息的范圍，做到有根有據，便于判斷和復查驗證，提高答題正確率。這是個(gè)在平時(shí)操練時(shí)十分有用的方法，但在真實(shí)考試當中，要根據時(shí)間來(lái)定是否采取此法。
2. 注意觀(guān)察問(wèn)題的類(lèi)型
了解試題的種類(lèi)，有助于正確理解試題的要求，以便采用相應的閱讀方法，更快速、準確地將答案定位。
閱讀理解題的種類(lèi)概括起來(lái)不外乎下面幾種：
(1) 細節題——根據文章的內容、信息進(jìn)行提問(wèn)。
譬如以what, which, when, where, why等開(kāi)頭的問(wèn)題。其他常用的結構還有： According to the passage, ... /The story tells us that ... 等。
(2) 主旨題——詢(xún)問(wèn)有關(guān)文章主要內容、中心大意、作品基調、作者態(tài)度、目的。
譬如： “What does the passage mainly discuss?”/“Which of the following is the more appropriate title for the passage?”等。
(3) 推理題——要求考生就已獲得的信息進(jìn)行推理，得出原文字面上未出現的答案。
常見(jiàn)的問(wèn)題有 “Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about ...”/“ What does the passage imply?”/“ The main purpose of this passage is to ...”等。
(4) 指代題——用于測試考生對具體詞義或指代關(guān)系的識別能力。
其題類(lèi)經(jīng)常為： “The word ‘attribute’ in line 6 means ...”/“What does the underlined phrase in line 38 refer to?”
(5) 評價(jià)題——用于測試考生對文章風(fēng)格、寫(xiě)作手法等的分析能力。
譬如： “What kind of writing technique does the writer use in the passage to ... ?”/“What are the ways the writer uses to create the gloomy impression in the passage?”等。
3.善于尋找線(xiàn)索
在復讀解答試題時(shí)，考生要根據有關(guān)線(xiàn)索查找與試題有關(guān)的章節，有三種線(xiàn)索可以幫助盡快找到文中的信息。
(1) 從試題的題干中找線(xiàn)索,即找到題干中的關(guān)鍵詞，然后在文中找到相同的關(guān)鍵詞或與關(guān)鍵詞有關(guān)的詞語(yǔ)，往往答案就在附近。
(2) 從試題的四個(gè)選項中找線(xiàn)索。有時(shí)試題的題干中找不到什么線(xiàn)索，如：
Which of the following statements is (not) true?
The passage is mainly about .
From the passage we may infer that .
這時(shí)考生可以從四個(gè)選擇項中去尋找線(xiàn)索。根據通讀的初步印象，決定哪一選項最接近正確答案，就先從這個(gè)選項中尋找線(xiàn)索，然后回到文中去查找。如果不一致，就對下一個(gè)最為可能是答案的選項進(jìn)行嘗試，依次類(lèi)推，直至找到正確答案。
(3) 從文中找線(xiàn)索。有時(shí)從試題中找不到線(xiàn)索，就只能到文中去找了。要善于找到文中的關(guān)鍵詞及與試題關(guān)系較密切的段落、篇章，盡快找到答案。事實(shí)上，這種快速定位關(guān)鍵詞的能力是在平時(shí)逐漸鍛煉成的。因此，平時(shí)多練，考試時(shí)的效果就會(huì )很好。
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