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全國英語(yǔ)等級考試pets5基礎練習題
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1. Shortages of flue vaccine show that _______。
[ A ] America relies too much on foreign suppliers
[ B ] the demand of flu vaccines is high this year
[ C ] quality problem is a serious problem in flu vaccine production
[ D ] the supply of flu vaccines is rather weak and America has no back-up measures to make it up
2. The word "cleared" ( Line 4, Paragraph 3 ) might mean _______。
[ A ] permitted
[ B ] removed
[ C ] proved
[ D ] produced
3. Private companies have little interest in producing flu vaccines because of _______。
[ A ] complicated process, high cost, low profit and high risk
[ B ] shortages of fertilized chicken eggs
[ C ] difficulty in growing live virus
[ D ] fast changing of flu virus
4. From the last paragraph we can infer that _______。
[ A ] the government hopes to solve the problem by way of volunteer restrictions
[ B ] more than 47 million Americans who are qualified to get flu vaccine shots can not get them this year
[ C ] America has to deal with a limited supply of flu vaccines this year
[ D ] normally only a small percentage of American population gets flu vaccine shots each year
5. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
[ A ] All Americans are persuaded not to get vaccinated this year.
[ B ] The big problem in innovating flu vaccine producing technique is how to grow virus in a new way.
[ C] More flu vaccines can not be produced in a short time because private companies refuse to produce more.
[ D ] Flu vaccines are easier than most vaccines to produce through cell cultures.
本篇文章探討了美國流感疫苗短缺事件，經(jīng)濟成因以及當前與未來(lái)的解決辦法。第一段，作者介紹了美國流感疫苗短缺問(wèn)題以及其直接原因，由于質(zhì)量控制等問(wèn)題，英國當局禁止向美國運輸疫苗，從而導致疫苗嚴重短缺，使疫苗供應量減少了近一半。于是聯(lián)邦衛生部門(mén)的官員敦促2至4歲的健康公民不要注射疫苗;第二段中，作者剖析了其背后的經(jīng)濟原因;在第三段里，作者介紹了解決短缺問(wèn)題的辦法之一：革新疫苗生產(chǎn)技.術(shù)，將其從受精卵中轉移到細胞培養。第四段中，作者探討了美國的當務(wù)之急：如何利用好有限的疫苗。出路就是號召公民發(fā)揚風(fēng)格，將注射疫苗的機會(huì )讓給敏感群體，讓那些真正需要的人能夠接種疫苗。
答案及解析
1.D【解析】第一段最后一句話(huà)指出了疫苗短缺所暴露出來(lái)的問(wèn)題�！癟his reemphasizes the fragility of our vaccine supply，”says Dr.Martin Myers of the National Network for Immunization Information，“and the lack of redundancy in our system.…‘這再次凸顯出我們疫苗供應的脆弱性，”全國免疫信息網(wǎng)的馬丁·邁爾斯醫生說(shuō)，“此外，我們也沒(méi)有必要的補救機制�！币虼苏_答案為D。
2.A【解析】在第三段最后一句“…one culture—based product has been
cleared for marketing in Europe.”里出現了“cleared”一詞。根據下文中“marketin9”和讀者有關(guān)藥品上市前應該得到批準的常識，可以判斷出，該詞在本句中的意思是“得到官方的批準”。因此正確答案為A。
3.A【解析】第二段第二句“Mainly because private companies have had little incentive to pursue it.”意思是說(shuō)“私企生產(chǎn)流感疫苗的積極性不高”。接下來(lái)作者介紹了制作疫苗的復雜工序，由此可以推斷出流感疫苗生產(chǎn)工藝復雜、成本高。第二段又明確指出了私企不愿意生產(chǎn)流感疫苗的其他原因：利潤率低、需求不穩定，此外由于流感病毒每年都不同，因此生產(chǎn)數量不能過(guò)大，由此也可推斷出生產(chǎn)的風(fēng)險性大，如果生產(chǎn)多了就會(huì )損失很大。因此正確答案為A。
4.【解析】由第四段第二句“The government estimates that 95 million people still qualify for shots under the voluntary restrictions announced last week.”中可以知道大約有九千五百萬(wàn)人有資格注射疫苗。根據第四段第三句：“That’s nearly twice the number of doses that clinics will have on hand，but only 0 million Americans seek out shots in a normal year.”和前一句可以推斷出美國現有大約四千七百萬(wàn)份流感疫苗庫存，由此可推斷出美國至少還有四千七百多萬(wàn)有資格注射疫苗的人無(wú)法得到注射。因此正確答案為B。
5.B【解析】由第一段的“Instead of beseeching us all to get vaccinated.they’re now urging most healthy people between the ages of 2 and4 not to.”可以判斷出美國之呼吁2至4歲的健康人不接種流感疫苗，而不是所有的美國人，因此答案A是錯誤的。從第二段最后一句話(huà)可以看出疫苗生產(chǎn)廠(chǎng)家無(wú)法臨時(shí)增加疫苗生產(chǎn)不是由于他們不愿意，而是由于受精雞蛋的生產(chǎn)已經(jīng)預先計劃好，無(wú)法提供更多的受精雞蛋，由此可見(jiàn)答案C是錯誤的。從第三段第三行“Flu vaccines are harder than most to produce this way”可以判斷出答案D是錯誤的，因為流感疫苗比別的疫苗更難用細菌培育的方式生產(chǎn)。而由第三段第2—3行“The main challenge is to shift production from eggs into cell cultures--a medium already used to make most other vaccines.”以及上一句可見(jiàn)，改造疫苗生產(chǎn)工藝的關(guān)鍵在于革新病毒培育技術(shù)。因此正確答案為B。
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