高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧
高考閱讀不同文體按照題型分類(lèi)主要分為五大類(lèi)：細節題、推理題、主旨大意題、詞義句意猜測題、結構順序題。下面小編就跟大家介紹一下高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧吧!
【高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧】
一，細節題解題方法
細節題，顧名思義，就是指針對文章的某個(gè)細節而設置的試題。細節題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個(gè)細節用同義結構轉換后進(jìn)行考查、也可能是將文章中的幾個(gè)細節(通常是四個(gè))放在一起要求考生判斷是非(選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項)或對幾個(gè)細節進(jìn)行排序等。解答這類(lèi)試題時(shí)，一個(gè)常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據題干或選項中的線(xiàn)索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項進(jìn)行比較從而確定答案(此時(shí)要特別注意一些常見(jiàn)的同義轉換)。
現在圍繞上述的定位理論，引申出幾個(gè)小的技巧：
(1) 關(guān)鍵信息定位法。這個(gè)主要是細節題，如涉及到數字(日期、時(shí)間、價(jià)格等)，就可以在文章中快速圈出數字，再找出目標數字及相對應的細節作息，還有人物姓名、地點(diǎn)名詞等等，其他的.還包括一些提示情節發(fā)展，或條綱性關(guān)鍵字眼，如First， Next， Finally等等。
As a young girl growing up in the 1930s， I always wanted to fly a plane， but back then it was almost unheard of for a woman to do that. I got a taste of that dream in 2011，when my husband arranged for me to ride in a hot air balloon for my birthday. (2011年高考英語(yǔ)北京A篇)
What happened to the author in 2011?
A. She flew an airplane
B. She entered a competition
C. She went on a hot air balloon ride
D. She moved into a retirement community
解析：此題屬典型細節題，通過(guò)題干中的時(shí)間in 2011不難定位到文中粗體字部分，很容易可以鎖定正解為C。
(2) 同義定位法。英文中可以用Paraphrase表示。同義定位就是指問(wèn)題所用的關(guān)鍵詞和文中的不一致，但屬于同義性質(zhì)，同義轉換其實(shí)是在關(guān)鍵間的基礎上拐了個(gè)彎。
He longs for conversations with an editor who will help him turn his good ideas into great ones. He wants someone to get excited about what he's doing and to help him turn his story idea upside down and inside out， exploring the best ways to report it. He wants to be more valuable for your paper. (2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京B篇)
What does the reporter want most from his editors in their talks?
A. Finding the news value of his stories.
B. Giving him financial support.
C. Helping him to find issues.
D. Improving his good ideas.
解析：此題屬細節題，定位方式為同義定位法。題干中的talks和文章中conversations對應，而want most和longs for對應，這樣不難得出答案為D。
小結：在閱讀中，精準快速的定位加上正確的理解力才能保證做題的量與質(zhì)。定位法是需要在做題的過(guò)程中有意識的培養的，做題的技巧也是可以總結的，關(guān)鍵是要自覺(jué)培養這種分析歸納和總結的意識以及能力。
二，推理題解題方法
推斷題定義：在理解原文字面意思的基礎上，通過(guò)對語(yǔ)篇邏輯關(guān)系的分析和細節的暗示，做出一定的判斷和推理，從而得到文章的深層意義及隱含意義的過(guò)程。
出現特征：在考題中經(jīng)常出現的詞有infer， imply， indicate， conclude， learn from， probably， most likely， prove /according to等。
She turned up at the doorstep of my house in Cornwall. No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway. Maybe someone had kicked her out of their car the night before. “We're moving house.'; “No space for her any more with the baby coming.” “We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.” People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
How did the author feel about Goldie when Goldie came to the house? (2010年高考英語(yǔ)北京A篇)
A. Shocked. B. Sympathetic. C. Annoyed. D. Upset.
解析：由題目得知：是考察作者的態(tài)度題。首先定位到文章作者的話(huà)語(yǔ)和行為，即
(1) No way could I have sent her away. No way， not me anyway.
(2) We never really wanted her， but what could we have done? She was a present.“
(3) People find all sorts of excuses for abandoning an animal. And she was one of the most beautiful dogs I had ever seen.
可知作者對它是正的情感，排除C，D.再由作者對它的不舍，答案選B
三，主旨大意題解題方法
Topic/Title型-使用逆推法
(1) 要在閱讀原文基礎上，仔細考慮選項是否與文章主題有密切聯(lián)系
(2) 再看選項對文章的概括性或覆蓋面如何
(3) 要注意題目是否過(guò)大或者過(guò)小
(4) 要避免下列三種錯誤
概括不夠(多表現為部分代整體，導致范圍過(guò)小)
過(guò)度概括(多表現為擴大范圍)
以事實(shí)、細節代替抽象概括的大意。
Federal regulators Wednesday approved a plan to create a nationwide emergency alert (警報) system using text messages delivered to cell phones.
Text messages have been popular in recent years， particularly among young people. The wireless industry's trade association， CTIA， estimates(估計) more than 48 billion text messages are sent each month.
The plan comes from the Warning Alert and Response Network Act， a 2006 federal law that requires improvements to the nation's emergency alert system. The act tasked the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) with coming up with new ways to alert the public about emergencies.
“The ability to deliver accurate and timely warnings and alerts through cell phones and other mobile services is an important next step in our efforts to help ensure that the American public has the information they need to take action to protect themselves and their families before， and during， disasters and other emergencies，” FCC Chairman Kevin Martin said， following approval of the plan.
Participation in the alert system by carriers -telecommunications companies is voluntary， but it has received support from the wireless industry.
The program would be optional for cell phone users. They also may not be charged for receiving alerts.
There would be three different types of messages， according to the rules.
The first would be a national alert from the president， likely involving a natural disaster. The second would involve “approaching threats”， which could include natural disasters like hurricanes or storms or even university shootings. The third would be for child abduction (綁架) emergencies， or so-called Amber Alerts.
The service could be in place by 2010.( 2008年高考英語(yǔ)山東卷B篇)
66. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. Cell Phone Alerts Protecting Students
B. Cell Phone Alerts by Wireless Industry
C. Cell Phone Alerts of National Disasters
D. Cell Phone Alerts Coming Soon
解析：D。主旨大意題。第一段開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，提出將創(chuàng )建一個(gè)全國性的短信警報系統;最后一段重申主題，對這種新系統的未來(lái)進(jìn)行展望。因此最準確的標題是D。A項錯在protecting students;B項錯在by wireless industry;C項錯在National Disasters。
四，詞義句意題解題方法
要求考生通過(guò)閱讀上下文，結合中學(xué)生應有的賞識來(lái)推測尚不熟悉的詞或者詞組的意思。出現特征：劃線(xiàn)或者引號
解題方法之一：根據上下文，往往是本句中的同位關(guān)系進(jìn)行猜測。
Weeks later， standing before this unfriendly mass， I was totally lost. Oh well， I lowered the paper and sat down at my desk， burning to find out what I had done wrong. As a classmate began his report， it all became clear， “My report is on George Washington， the man who started the American Revolution.” The whole world became quite! How could I know that she meant that George Washington?
62. The underlined word “burning” in Para. 3 probably means _______.(2012年北京，B篇，62，答案D)
A. annoyed B. ashamed C. ready D. eager
解析：從burning這個(gè)詞來(lái)說(shuō)，意為“發(fā)熱的，強烈的，燃燒的”，后面緊跟動(dòng)詞詞組“find out”說(shuō)明在尋找時(shí)刻的心情是很緊張和急迫的，最后是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，是我曾經(jīng)做錯過(guò)什么，那么這個(gè)題目顯然就是選擇和“渴望的，熱切的”詞義，顯然為D選項。
五，結構順序題解題方法
常見(jiàn)提問(wèn)方式：
How is the passage organized?
Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?
The author develops the passage mainly by….
解題思路：
(1) 注意主題段。主題段通常在文章的開(kāi)頭，簡(jiǎn)要概括文章的中心思想，
(2) 找出或者總結每段的主題句。主題句可能在段落的開(kāi)頭，也可能出現在段落的中間或末尾。如何確定主題句的方法見(jiàn)主旨題之main idea型。
(3) 最后根據每段主題確定段與段之間的結構關(guān)系，承上啟下，使文章行文連貫，邏輯嚴密。為突出主題，作者可能采用不同的寫(xiě)作手法來(lái)組織文章，通過(guò)舉例、比較、類(lèi)比等手法來(lái)透徹闡明主題觀(guān)點(diǎn)。
【高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧】相關(guān)文章：
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧高考06-15
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解細節題解題技巧08-28
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題解題技巧10-15
2017年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題技巧01-21
高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解7選5解題技巧10-22
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧高中06-29
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的解題技巧03-15
考研英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧10-17