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托福寫(xiě)作審題和布局方法

時(shí)間:2024-07-21 08:54:23 出國考試 我要投稿
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托福寫(xiě)作審題和布局方法

  關(guān)于托福獨立寫(xiě)作審題和布局方法,應屆畢業(yè)生網(wǎng)將和大家探討審題的步驟以及謀篇布局的建議。希望對大家有幫助。

托福寫(xiě)作審題和布局方法

  一、審題的“精確性”

  根據專(zhuān)家對于過(guò)去2年獨立寫(xiě)作考題的分析,發(fā)現有90%以上的題目屬于“支持/反對”型:

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

  Because the change of the society is so rapidly, people are less happy or less satisfied with their life than people did in the past time.

  而剩下的則是由“對比論述型”構成的:

  Some people think children should spend most of their time in studying and playing while others think they should help their parents with the household chores. What’s your opinion?

  在審題時(shí),考生必須首先把題目通讀1-3遍,徹底把握題目主旨后,方可進(jìn)行段落布局。在這里,給考生們一些建議:首先,判斷題目是否包含“絕對”含義的詞,若有,則按照上篇講過(guò)的建議布局,若沒(méi)有,則對于同意或者反對的理由進(jìn)行快速的brain storming, 然后根據分論點(diǎn)的數量及論點(diǎn)的可延展性來(lái)敲定立場(chǎng):

  Some people think that human needs for farmland, housing, and industry are more important than saving land for endangered animals. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view? Why or why not? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

  Disagree:

  1) Endangered animals are valuable because of their limited quantities

  2) Environment balance

  3) Endangered animals sometimes stand for the country, so they are more valuable than farmlands

  Agree:

  1) life quality is the top priority

  2) endangered animals can be raised in the zoos

  經(jīng)過(guò)一番考量,假如考生得出了上述的一些分論點(diǎn)及想法,這時(shí)候,主體段的布局基本就可以敲定大方向了。第一種就是完全反對題目的說(shuō)法,采用五段式結構布局,每個(gè)主體段論證上述三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)中的一個(gè);第二種也是反對題目的說(shuō)法,采用五段式結構布局,但是前2個(gè)主體段從三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)中選二個(gè)去論證,而第三個(gè)主體段從“同意”的二個(gè)分論點(diǎn)里去選一個(gè),最后的結論還是傾向于反對的。第三種是采用四段式結構布局,即第一個(gè)主體段從三個(gè)反對意見(jiàn)中選擇二到三個(gè)分論點(diǎn)去寫(xiě),而第二個(gè)主體段則從贊同的分論點(diǎn)里去選擇,數量上比前一段少一個(gè)即可,最后結論還是傾向于反對多一點(diǎn)。這樣說(shuō)是不是有些同學(xué)看了會(huì )有點(diǎn)“暈”呢?那下面應屆畢業(yè)生網(wǎng)就再舉個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單點(diǎn)的例子吧:

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Television, newspapers, magazines, and other media pay too much attention to the personal lives of famous people such as public figures and celebrities. Use specific reasons and details to explain your opinion.

  Disagree:

  1) Most people are common, so they want to know something about famous ones

  2) Famous people stand for some fashion

  3) Constrain the public figures

  4) Celebrities can improve the national cohesion and unity

  又經(jīng)過(guò)了幾分鐘思考,我們得出了上述的四個(gè)分論點(diǎn),但是一時(shí)半會(huì )贊同的理由實(shí)在是想不出。若考試的時(shí)候遇到這種情況,千萬(wàn)別猶豫不決,馬上從已經(jīng)想好的觀(guān)點(diǎn)里面進(jìn)行挑選。于是,這個(gè)題目我們就采用完全反對的立場(chǎng),以五段式結構布局全文,主體段的分論點(diǎn)從上述四點(diǎn)中挑選三個(gè)展開(kāi)論述即可。

  Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents or other adult relatives should make important decisions for their older (15 to 18 year-old) teenage children. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.

  Agree: Parents make decision for children.

  1) Parents have more experience

  2) 15-18 years old children are not adults, so they can‘t take responsibility

  還有一種情況就是我們只能想出兩個(gè)分論點(diǎn),這時(shí)候考生應該果斷采用四段式布局,而這一次,兩個(gè)主體段都分別論述一個(gè)同意的理由,而在結尾時(shí),可以順便提一些反對的理由,這樣也不失為一種靈活的方法,希望考生們可以借鑒。

  二、分論點(diǎn)的排列原則

  應屆畢業(yè)生網(wǎng)提醒考生們,在布局的時(shí)候我們不是隨意編排分論點(diǎn)的先后順序,而是需要有一定的邏輯性和合理性。一般說(shuō)來(lái),五段式的三個(gè)主體段,若都是同意或者都是反對的理由的話(huà),一般這些分論點(diǎn)有兩種邏輯順序,即第一種按照“重要性”來(lái)排,將你認為最主要的理由放在第一個(gè)主體段中詳細論證;第二種是按照“小到大”的原則,即個(gè)人方面的理由先寫(xiě),然后再是家庭,公司,最后再是社會(huì ),國家等。倘若所有的論點(diǎn)都是在一個(gè)范圍內的,比如都是屬于個(gè)人的論點(diǎn),則這個(gè)時(shí)候要看這些分論點(diǎn)后續的論證內容的多少,比如某一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)你既舉得出例子,又可以進(jìn)行對比或者因果論述的話(huà)那肯定應該先寫(xiě)這個(gè)分論點(diǎn),若某一個(gè)分論點(diǎn)后續能夠闡述的理由只有一句話(huà)的時(shí)候那就應該果斷地將其排在后面寫(xiě)。若文章是四段式的結構,則在一個(gè)主體段中的排列順序和前面講的原則是一致的。

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