英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)八級美國文學(xué)簡(jiǎn)史之美國自然主義

　　Chapter 4 American Naturalism

　　I.Background

　　1.Darwin‘s theory：“natural selection”

　　2.Spenser’s idea：“social Darwinism”

　　3.French Naturalism：Zora

　　II.Features

　　1.environment and heredity

　　2.scientific accuracy and a lot of details

　　3.general tone：hopelessness，despair，gloom，ugly side of the society

　　III.significance

　　It prepares the way for the writing of 1920s’

　　“l(fā)ost generation” and T. S. Eliot.

　　IV.Theodore Dreiser

　　1.life

　　2.works

　�。�1）Sister Carrie

　�。�2）The trilogy：Financier，The Titan，The Stoic

　�。�3）Jennie Gerhardt

　�。�4）American Tragedy

　�。�5）The Genius

　　3.point of view

　�。�1）He embraced social Darwinism – survival of the fittest. He learned to regard man as merely an animal driven by greed and lust in a struggle for existence in which only the “fittest”，the most ruthless，survive.

　�。�2）Life is predatory，a “game” of the lecherous and heartless，a jungle struggle in which man，being “a waif and an interloper in Nature”，a “wisp in the wind of social forces”，is a mere pawn in the general scheme of things，with no power whatever to assert his will.

　�。�3）No one is ethically free; everything is determined by a complex of internal chemisms and by the forces of social pressure.

　　4.Sister Carrie

　�。�1）Plot

　�。�2）Analysis

　　5.Style

　�。�1）Without good structure

　�。�2）Deficient characterization

　�。�3）Lack in imagination

　�。�4）Journalistic method

　�。�5）Techniques in painting

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