學(xué)習英語(yǔ)的方法總結
1．What is language for? Some people seem to think it is for practicing grammar rules and learning lists of words--the longer the words the better. That’s wrong. Language is for the exchange of ideas, for communication.
語(yǔ)言到底是用來(lái)干什么的呢？一些人認為它是用來(lái)操練語(yǔ)法規則和學(xué)習一大堆單詞——而且單詞越長(cháng)越好。這個(gè)想法是錯誤的。語(yǔ)言是用來(lái)交換思想，進(jìn)行交流溝通的！
2. The way to learn a language is to practice speaking it as often as possible.
學(xué)習一門(mén)語(yǔ)言的方法就是要盡量多地練習說(shuō)。
3. A great man once said it is necessary to drill as much as possible, and the more you apply it in real situations, the more natural it will become.
一位偉人曾說(shuō)，反復操練是非常必要的，你越多的將所學(xué)到的東西運用到實(shí)際生活中，他們就變的越自然。
4．Listening and imitating should always go together. Use the LIP method! Listen－Imitate－Practice!
聽(tīng)和模仿一定要同時(shí)做，使用“LIP”方法：聽(tīng)、模仿、操練！
5. Use all your senses to learn English. You must hear English, read English, touch English, smell English, and taste English. Feel English with your heart. Immerse yourself in this language. Begin to think in English.
運用一切感官學(xué)習英語(yǔ)。你必須聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)、說(shuō)英語(yǔ)、觸摸英語(yǔ)、聞?dòng)⒄Z(yǔ)，還要嘗嘗英語(yǔ)的味道。用心去感受英語(yǔ)。讓自己沉浸在這門(mén)語(yǔ)言當中。學(xué)會(huì )用英語(yǔ)思考。
6. Relax! Be patient and enjoy yourself. Learning foreign languages is just a piece of cake.
放輕松！要有耐心，并且享受英語(yǔ)帶來(lái)的樂(lè )趣！學(xué)習外語(yǔ)只不過(guò)是小菜一碟。
7. Rome wasn’t built in a day. Work harder and practice more. Your hardworking will be rewarded by God one day. God is equal to everyone!
冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。更加努力的學(xué)習，更加勤奮的操練，你所付出的一切將會(huì )得到上帝的報答，上帝是公平的。
8. Use a dictionary and grammar guide constantly. Keep a small English dictionary with you at all time. When you see a new word, look it up. Think about the word--use it. in your mind, in a sentence.
經(jīng)常使用字典和語(yǔ)法指南。隨身攜帶一本小英文字典，當你看到一個(gè)新字時(shí)就去查閱它，思考這個(gè)字——然后學(xué)著(zhù)去用它，在你的心中，在一個(gè)句子里。
9. Try to think in English whenever possible. When you see something, think of the English word of it; then think about the word in a sentence.
一有機會(huì )就努力去用英文來(lái)思考�？吹侥呈聲r(shí)，想想它的英文單詞；然后把它用到一個(gè)句子中去。
10. Practice tenses as much as possible. When you learn a new verb, learn its various forms.A thousand words will not leave so an deep impression as one deed.
盡可能多的操練時(shí)態(tài)。學(xué)習一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)候，要學(xué)習它的各種形態(tài)。千言萬(wàn)語(yǔ)不如一個(gè)行動(dòng)
11. I would also like to learn more about the culture behind the language. When you understand the cultural background, you can better use the language.
我想學(xué)習和了解更多關(guān)于語(yǔ)言背后的文化知識，當你理解了文化背景，你就能更好地運用語(yǔ)言。
12．Keep an English journal.Try to write a 高二 few sentences about your day and then blurt them out as many times as possible before you go to sleep. This will teach you to “think” in English. This habit will also help you live a move organized and fruitful life. Besides, you will score higher on your composition exams!
堅持寫(xiě)英語(yǔ)日記。寫(xiě)幾個(gè)句子描述一下你的一天，然后在睡覺(jué)前盡可能多地大聲操練。這個(gè)方法可以教會(huì )你用英語(yǔ)“思考”。這個(gè)習慣還可以幫助你生活得更有條理、更有成效。此外，考試時(shí)作文你也可以拿更高的分！
13．Choose materials that interest you! Reading about things that you like will naturally make learning more enjoyable and efficient. Everything is easier if you enjoy doing it!
選擇讓你感興趣的資料！閱讀你喜歡的東西自然會(huì )使學(xué)習變得更愉快、更有效。你喜歡做，事情就會(huì )更容易！
14．Make your friends proud by teaching them some English sentences. You can become an excellent teacher through tutoring your friends. Teaching is a great way to learn! Also remember, learning English can make people happier, feel younger and live longer!
教你的朋友們英語(yǔ)，讓他們感到驕傲。教朋友的過(guò)程中你會(huì )成為一名出色的老師。教學(xué)是學(xué)習的極好途徑！別忘了，英語(yǔ)學(xué)習會(huì )讓人更快樂(lè )、更年輕、活得更長(cháng)久！
15．Don’t be afraid to ask for help. The more times you ask for help, the more powerful your English will become. Never hesitate to ask! Learn as much as you can from as many different people as you can! An eager student will always find a teacher!
不要害怕尋求幫助。你請求別入幫越多的忙，你的英語(yǔ)就會(huì )越厲害。不要猶豫，盡管發(fā)問(wèn)！盡可能從不同的人身上學(xué)到更多的東西！求知欲強的學(xué)生總是會(huì )找到老師！
16．Keep English constantly in your mind by listening, speaking of reading every day! Constant exposure will make it much easier to master this language. If you review only once a week, you will have a hard time remembering what you’ve learned.
每天聽(tīng)，每天說(shuō)，每天讀，讓英語(yǔ)時(shí)刻留在你腦中！持續的接觸會(huì )讓你更容易掌握這門(mén)語(yǔ)言。如果你只是一個(gè)星期復習一回，要記住你學(xué)的東西就太難了。
17．Keep a positive attitude about English. If you think of English as a burden, it will be one! If you think of English as fun and exciting, you will practice more often and make progress more quickly!
學(xué)英語(yǔ)要有積極的態(tài)度。如果你認為英語(yǔ)是個(gè)負擔，它就是個(gè)負擔！如果你認為英語(yǔ)有趣又刺激，你就會(huì )更經(jīng)常地練習，進(jìn)步得更快！
18．Learning any language takes a lot of effort, but never give up. We will hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope！
學(xué)習任何語(yǔ)言都是需要花費很多努力，但絕不要放棄。從絕望中尋找希望，人生終將輝煌！
英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題出錯原因_課外閱讀
【摘要】“英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題出錯原因”文中是編者為大家整理的有關(guān)英語(yǔ)閱讀文章，希望對大家有所幫助：
閱讀理解題答案與干擾項關(guān)系的分析
正確的選項往往是命題人員把閱讀材料的內容或信息用不同的語(yǔ)言形式再現出來(lái)。一般而言，答案項的設置有以下幾種方法：(1) 選用原文中的詞句;(2) 使用原文詞句的同義詞或相似結構;(3) 使用原文詞句的反義詞或相反結構;(4) 答案項是對生詞、長(cháng)句或難旬的解釋;(5) 答案項是對原文詞句或段落的歸納、
推理或演繹;(6) 使用原文的上下義結構，如用“科學(xué)”涵蓋“計算機、航天、發(fā)明、電子”等概念。
干擾項的設置通常有以下幾種方式：
1. 張冠李戴
命題者把文章作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)與他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)混淆起來(lái)，題干問(wèn)的是作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，選項中出現的卻是他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn);或者題干問(wèn)的是他人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，卻把作者的觀(guān)點(diǎn)放到選項中去。
以2006年全國卷I第60題“The author planned to stop at Oklahoma City______.”為例。此題乍看C項“to pay at the cash register”和D項“to have more gas for his car”都對，因為原文中有這么一句“While I Was standing in line at the cash register，I said hello to an older couple who were also paying for gas”。很明顯作者是停下來(lái)付款加油時(shí)，偶遇一對老夫婦并問(wèn)好，似乎選項C和D本身都沒(méi)錯，但題干問(wèn)的是“作者計劃在俄克拉荷馬市逗留的原因”，如果考生沒(méi)有理解題干，就會(huì )誤選C項或D項。正確選項應為A項“to visit a friend”。
2. 偷梁換柱
干擾項用了與原文相似的句型結構和大部分相似的詞匯，卻在不易引人注意的地方換了幾個(gè)詞匯，造成句意的改變。
以2006年全國卷I第57題“It can be inferred that greyhounds_______. ”為例。此題乍看應選B項“l(fā)ike staying in bed all day”，因為原文中有這么一句“especially they would much rather be at home in bed than walking around outside”. 殊不知選項中加了“all day”，使意思絕對化了。正確選項應為D項“need some exercise outdoors”�？忌糇⒁獠坏酱思毠澋淖兓�，勢必造成失分。
3. 無(wú)中生有
干擾項往往是生活的基本常識和普遍接受的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，但在原文中并無(wú)相關(guān)的信息支持點(diǎn)，這種選項的設置往往與問(wèn)題的設問(wèn)毫不相干。
以2006年全國卷Ⅰ第67題“We may infer from the last two paragraphs that______. ”為例。干擾項C項“English courses are necessary for foreign students”就是這種情況，而正確答案應為A項“different teaching methods should be used”。解答這類(lèi)考題時(shí)考生還應注意問(wèn)題中有無(wú)“In the author’s opinion”或“According to the passage”之類(lèi)的限定語(yǔ)。
4. 以偏概全
考生在做猜測文章中心思想、給文章添加標題或判斷推理題時(shí)，往往會(huì )犯以偏概全的錯誤。產(chǎn)生這類(lèi)錯誤的原因是考生受思維定勢的影響或考慮不周，以局部代替整體。其具體表現為合理關(guān)聯(lián)與不合理關(guān)聯(lián)、準確概括與不準確概括之間的錯位。
不合理關(guān)聯(lián)就是表層理解與深層理解相混淆。表層理解是對文章中客觀(guān)事實(shí)的感知和記憶，往往是文章直接表述的結論;深層理解則是對文章中的客觀(guān)事實(shí)進(jìn)行邏輯推理、總結或概括后得出的結論。
例如，2006年北京卷第73題“What did Loftus find out from her research?”的正確答案為B項“People Can be led to believe in something false.”。而誤選C項“People tend to forget their childhood experiences. ”的考生顯然是根據文中“it came up with an account of their early childhood experiences… The researchers then changed this detail into a manufactured memory through leading questions”的信息得出的，但它只不過(guò)是表層信息，其對原文信息的轉述并不全面。
不準確概括是指不能準確地按題目要求概括或提取文中的表層或深層信息。
例如，2006年全國卷I第69題“What is the text mainly about______.”的正確答案為D項“Life after retirement”。干擾項A項“Learning to paint in later life”與C項“An artist turned teacher”極具迷惑性，但它們只是文章中的某個(gè)細節信息�？忌绻磺宄毠澬畔⑴c短文主題之間的關(guān)系，就容易犯概括不準確的錯誤。
以上是小編為大家整理的“英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題出錯原因”全部?jì)热�，更多相關(guān)內容請點(diǎn)擊：
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高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解 細節理解題解題技巧
一、題型介紹：
過(guò)去在閱讀理解題中占很大比例。細節題要求考生具備快速尋找信息的，采用針對性進(jìn)行閱讀。多數情況下，作者不會(huì )明確地呈現一個(gè)事實(shí)，讀者需根據已有的信息進(jìn)行處理，讀出言外之意。還要特別注意文章的`時(shí)間順序、故事發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)、情節的發(fā)展、和人物之間的關(guān)系。
考查文章細節理解的測
�、� This article is particularly written for ___.?
�、� When the writer says … he really means ___.?
�、� The author's attitude to… is that ___.?
�、� What kind of atmosphere does the writer want to create in this passage??
�、� The writer regards… as ___.?
�、� The writer's purpose in writing this story is ___.
二、細節題具體方法與步驟：
�、倥懦蓴_項 ，突出主題。事實(shí)細節題的設計干擾項一般都是某一細節的錯誤敘述與論斷，可先排除干擾項。作為命題內容的細節一般總是短文的要點(diǎn)活主要論據。因此正確的選項往往與短文的主題密切相關(guān)。
�、� 按文章的體裁，作者寫(xiě)作的組織模式及有關(guān)的信息詞，如for example，first，second…等預測應該到何處尋找自己所需要的事實(shí)。
�、� 將自己精力放在尋找你所需要的細節上，快速通篇跳讀，眼睛自左至右，自上而下呈Z形掃視，直到找到細節出處，待找到含細節句子時(shí)，放慢速度，仔細核對比較內容，直至找到答案。
�、茏⒁庾R別指代詞語(yǔ)。為避免重復，文章中對多次提及的事物或現象會(huì )使用不同的詞語(yǔ)，如同義詞、近義詞、代詞等。
三、考題探究
Most people think of racing when they see greyhounds(灰狗) and believe they need lots of exercise. They can actually be quite lazy! Greyhounds are good at fast races but not long-distance running. They do need regular exercise but they like to run for a short burst and then get back on the bed or a comfortable seat. Another misunderstanding is that greyhounds must be aggressive(好斗的) because they are big in size. In fact greyhounds love people and are gentle with children.
Greyhounds can live for 12-14 years but usually only race for two or three years, and after that they make great pets. They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.
Normally, greyhounds can be as tall as 90 cm. There is, however, a small-sized greyhound, which stands only 33 cm. Greyhounds come in a variety of colors. Grey and yellowish-brown are the most common. Others include black, white, blue, red and brown or a mix of these.
Greyhounds have smooth body coats, low body fat and are very healthy. Because they’re slim（苗條的）they don’t have the leg problems like other dogs the same height. But they do feel the cold. Especially since they would much rather be at home in bed thanwalking around outside.
1 Why does the author say that greyhounds make great pets?
A. They are big in size.
B. They live a very long life.
C. They can run races for some time.
D. They are quiet and easy to look after.
2 . If you keep a pet greyhound, it is important .
A. to keep it slim
B. to keep it warm
C. to take special care of its legs
D. to take it to animal doctors regularly
學(xué)海導航
1 D 從題目可以看出該題目是考查對文章細節理解的題目。結合語(yǔ)境，注意上下文的關(guān)系，注意查找關(guān)鍵信息。由文章的第二段的內容來(lái)看，文章用了三個(gè)具有否定意義的排比句They don’t need a lot of space, don’t make a lot of noise, and don’t eat a lot for their size.，分析了灰狗的習性和特點(diǎn)，尤其是在點(diǎn)明了they make great pets之后，又對其原因進(jìn)行了分析，此時(shí)我們就可以根據文章的講解來(lái)推斷題目。故該題目的關(guān)鍵是對文章第二段的內容進(jìn)行分析，歸納，然后得出結論。
2 B 由題目可知該題應該是個(gè)對文章細節的推斷題。由該題考查的內容，我們可以講注意力放在文章的最后一段。最后一段中提到灰狗沒(méi)有其他類(lèi)型狗的腿的毛病，因此 C項錯誤。文章特別提到they do feel the cold.，說(shuō)明他們怕冷，因此就需要保暖了。故B項是正確答案。
四、實(shí)例演練
Some children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. Stephen Jackson, a Year One student, “operates under the theory of what’s mine is mine and what’s yours is mine,” says his mother. “The other day I bought two new Star Wars light sabers（劍）。 Later, I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”
“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” says Russell Barkley, a professor at the Medical University of South Carolina. Other children who may not be particularly bossy can gradually gain dominance（支配地位） when they sense their parents are weak, hesitant, or in disagreement with each other.
Whether it’s inborn nature or developed character at work, too much control in the hands at the young isn’t healthy for children or the family, Fear is at the root of a lot of bossy behavior, says family psychologist John Taylor. Children, he says in his book From Defiance to Cooperation, “have secret feelings of weakness” and “a desire to feel safe.” It’s the parents’ role to provide that protection.
When a “boss child” doesn’t learn limits at home, the stage is set for a host of troubles outside the family. The overly willful and unbending child may have trouble obeying teachers or coaches, for example, or trouble keeping friends. It can be pretty lonely as thetop dog if no one likes your bossy ways.
“I see more and more parents giving up their power,” says Barkley, who has studied bossy behavior for more than 30 years. “They bend too far because they don’t want to be as strict as their own parents were. But they also feel less confident about their parenting skills. Their kids, in turn, feel more anxious.”
1、 Bossy children like Stephen Jackson.
A. make good decisions
B. show self-centeredness
C. lack care from others
D. have little sense of fear
【點(diǎn)津】 B 該題目主要是對文章的細節的考查，我們在讀完題目后，我們可以將注意力放在第一段中的I saw Stephen with the two new ones while his brother was using the beat-up ones.”在認真分析后我們可知Stephen 不知道對別人關(guān)心、照顧，而是以自我為中心。故B 項是正確答案。
五、經(jīng)驗總結:
通過(guò)對上面內容的講解和自己練習我們可以做出一下的總結:
1 定位能力很重要，要通過(guò)不斷的做練習來(lái)進(jìn)行有意識的培養。
2 細節理解題通常是定位部分的變體或者是重復，即意思相同但表達的方式會(huì )有所變化。
3 切忌通過(guò)自己對某類(lèi)的主觀(guān)了解做出憑空的判斷，每一道題目的選擇都離不開(kāi)對原文的理解和把握，答題時(shí)要力求緊扣文章中心來(lái)尋找解題的線(xiàn)索。
賓語(yǔ)從句要點(diǎn)及考點(diǎn)分析歸納
賓語(yǔ)從句的功能相當于名詞詞組，在句子中充當賓語(yǔ)。該從句是中學(xué)階段的一個(gè)重要語(yǔ)法項目，在歷年的高考中幾乎都涉及到，并且每年的命題各有變化。本文欲就歷屆高考試題涉及到該從句考查的焦點(diǎn)在此作以歸納，以期有助于同學(xué)們復習、備考。
一、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序問(wèn)題。語(yǔ)序應用陳述語(yǔ)序，且引導詞一定要在從句的最前面。
【考例】
�、貯s soon as he comes back, I'll tell him when ______ and see him.（05北京）
A. you will come B. will you comeC. you come D. do you come
�、赪hen changing lanes, a driver should use his turning signal to let other drivers know . （10上海）
A. he is entering which lane B. which lane he is entering
C. is he entering which lane D. which lane is he entering
【簡(jiǎn)析】①A。when引導賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，用陳述語(yǔ)序，且主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般將來(lái)時(shí)，所以從句該用什么時(shí)態(tài)就用什么時(shí)態(tài)，由語(yǔ)境可知，應是將來(lái)時(shí)。同時(shí)注意when引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)常用一般現在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。②B。which引導的句子做know的賓語(yǔ)，句子用陳述語(yǔ)序，引導詞位于從句句首。
二、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的連接詞問(wèn)題。
�。�1）引導賓語(yǔ)從句的有從屬連詞that, whether 和if；連接代詞who, whom, whose, what, which, whatever, whichever, whoever等；連接副詞when, where, how, why等。選用何種連接詞主要根據①所選詞在從句中所作成分；②從句意判斷句中缺少的意項。
【考例】
�、賁he is very dear to us. We have been prepared to do_____it takes to save her life.（09湖南）
A. whichever B. however C. whatever D. whoever
�、贏(yíng)s a new diplomat, he often thinks of_____he can react more appropriately on such occasions. （09上海）
A. what B. which C. that D. how
�、� I want to be liked and loved for I am inside. （10湖北）
A. who B. where C. what D. how
�、� We haven’t discussed yet ______ we are going to place our new furniture. （10全國Ⅰ）
A. that B. which C. what D. where
【簡(jiǎn)析】①C。whichever“無(wú)論哪一個(gè)”； however“無(wú)論如何”； whoever“無(wú)論誰(shuí)”； whatever“無(wú)論什么”。由分析可知，該引導詞引導的是賓語(yǔ)從句，且從句中take缺少賓語(yǔ)，由句意“她對我們來(lái)說(shuō)是非常寶貴，我們已經(jīng)準備好做一切來(lái)拯救她的生命�！笨芍�，應用whatever。②D。句意為“作為一種新的外交官,他經(jīng)�？紤]他怎么能在那樣的場(chǎng)合反應更恰當�！焙茱@然，該賓語(yǔ)從句缺少一個(gè)表示“方式”的詞，故用how。③C。句意為“我想別人喜歡我是因為我的內在�！币簿褪俏襥nside的品質(zhì)。只有what可以指代是什么。很多同學(xué)誤選A，錯誤的用中文語(yǔ)言習慣去做英文題。④D。由句意為“我們還沒(méi)有討論把我們的新家具放在哪里�！笨芍�，動(dòng)詞discuss后的賓語(yǔ)從句缺少地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，故用where。
�。�2）賓語(yǔ)從句中注意下列幾組相似意思的區別。
考查引導詞whether與if的區別。兩者都表示“是否”，都可引導賓語(yǔ)從句；但如果賓語(yǔ)從句是否定句一般用if；下列情況用whether①作介詞賓語(yǔ)；②后緊跟or not; ③作discuss等詞的賓語(yǔ)。
【考例】
�、貯t first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _____ it got any better.（09北京）
A. when B. h ow C. why D. if
�、赪e haven't settled the question of ______ it is necessary for him to study abroad. (06江蘇)
A. if B. whereC. whether D. that
【簡(jiǎn)析】①D。句意為“最初他不喜歡這件新工作，但是他決定給自己幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間來(lái)看一下這件工作是否會(huì )變得更好�！彼杂胕f表“是否”，引導賓語(yǔ)從句。②C。句意為“我們還沒(méi)有解決他是否有必要出國留學(xué)這個(gè)問(wèn)題�！贝颂幨琴e語(yǔ)從句，表“是否”，含有不確定，且作介詞的賓語(yǔ)，故用whether。
考查引導詞wh-與wh-ever的區別�！皐h-ever”引導賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，其含有“無(wú)論……”之意，其引導賓語(yǔ)從句無(wú)疑問(wèn)意義，相當于名詞或代詞加一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句，而wh-多有疑問(wèn)之意。
【考例】
�、� Could I speak to_____ is in charge of International Sales please? （09海南）
A. whoB. what C. whoever D. whatever
�、�? Could you do me a favour?
? It depends on ______ it is. （06北京）
A. which B. whicheverC. what D. whatever
【簡(jiǎn)析】①C 。whoever引導的賓語(yǔ)從句作了to的賓語(yǔ)，同時(shí)whoever作is in charge of International Sales please的主語(yǔ)。whoever意為“任何人或無(wú)論誰(shuí)”，相當于any person who或the person who。②C。what引導賓語(yǔ)從句，并在從句中充當表語(yǔ)，意為“什么”，含有具體之事的意思。句意為“那取決于是什么”。
考查引導詞no matter+疑問(wèn)詞與疑問(wèn)詞+ever的區別�！皀o matter+疑問(wèn)詞”只能引導狀語(yǔ)從句；而“疑問(wèn)詞+ever”既可引導狀語(yǔ)從句，也可引導賓語(yǔ)從句。
【考例】
�、賂he book can be of help to _____ wants to do the job.（09陜西）
A. who B. whomever C. no matter who D. whoever
�、赟arah hopes to become a friend of ______shares her interests. (95上海)
A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who
【簡(jiǎn)析】①D。此處從句作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。引導詞做從句的主語(yǔ)，指人，意思是：無(wú)論是誰(shuí),no matter+疑問(wèn)詞不能引導賓語(yǔ)從句。②C。此處從句作介詞of的賓語(yǔ)。no matter+疑問(wèn)詞不能引導賓語(yǔ)從句，又因連接詞在從句作主語(yǔ)，所以用whoever,其相當于anyone who。
IV.考查what與how引導的感嘆句充當賓語(yǔ)的區別。此時(shí)意為“多么”，what修飾“形容詞+名詞或a(an)+形容詞+名詞”，而how修飾“形容詞或副詞、many，little（少），much, few等+名詞或形容詞+a(an)+名詞（單數）”
【考例】
�、買(mǎi) was surprised by her words , which made me recognize____silly mistakes I had made.（05湖南）
A. what B. that C. how D. which.
�、赑arents are taught to understand ______ important education is to their children’s future.(04廣東)
A. that B. how C. such D. so
【簡(jiǎn)析】①A。句意為“我對她的話(huà)很吃驚，它迫使我承認我犯了多么愚蠢的錯誤�！辟e語(yǔ)從句表感嘆，中心詞為名詞，所以用what。②B。句意為“使父母親明白教育對他們子女的未來(lái)來(lái)說(shuō)是多么地重要�！辟e語(yǔ)從句表感嘆，中心詞為形容詞，所以用how
考查引導詞what與that的區別。what作連接代詞并表示“所……的”之意，相當于the+名詞+that”或“all that”,可指代不確定的事物等，在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)等。that在從句中只起連接作用，不充當任何成分，翻譯中，不譯。
[典型考題]
�、伲�10山東）Before the sales start, I make a list of ______ my kids will need for the coming season.
A. why B. what C. how D. which
�、冢�10北京）Part of the reason Charles Dickens loved his own novel, David Copperfield, was __ it was rather closely modeled on his own life.
A. what B. that C. why D. whether
【解析】①:B。句意應為：在大甩賣(mài)開(kāi)始前，我把孩子們在下個(gè)季節里要用到的東西列了一個(gè)清單。分析句式結構可知，空格處在句中引導賓語(yǔ)從句且在從句中充當need的賓語(yǔ)。which 引導名詞性從句時(shí)多表示疑問(wèn)且要有一個(gè)明確的范圍。②B。句意應為：狄更斯喜歡他自己的小說(shuō)大衛科波菲爾的部分原因是小說(shuō)創(chuàng )作非常貼近他本人的真實(shí)生活。表語(yǔ)從句不缺成分，因此用that來(lái)引導。
三、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題。
�、佼斨骶渲械闹^語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現在或將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)不受主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的影響，可根據句子的實(shí)際情況使用不同的時(shí)態(tài)。②當主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)也是表示過(guò)去的時(shí)態(tài)。既一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)或過(guò)去完成時(shí)。③當從句表示客觀(guān)事實(shí)或真理時(shí)，其時(shí)態(tài)不受主句謂語(yǔ)時(shí)態(tài)的影響，而用一般現在時(shí)。
【考例】
�、買(mǎi) was out of town at the time, so I don’t know exactly how it _______. （09山東）Ks5u
A. was happening B. happened C. happens D. has happened
�、赟hestaredatthepainting, wonderingwhereshe______it.（09重慶）
A. sawB. hasseen C. sees D. hadseen
【簡(jiǎn)析】①B。本題考查具體語(yǔ)境中的時(shí)態(tài)，后一句隱藏的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是at the time；又因為主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現在時(shí)。故從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。②D。本題也是考查具體語(yǔ)境中的時(shí)態(tài)，因wondering是stared的伴隨狀語(yǔ)，故表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作，又因see發(fā)生在wondering之前，即過(guò)去的過(guò)去，因此用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。③D。
四、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣問(wèn)題。
�。�1）在表示堅持要求（insist），命令（order,demand），建議(suggest,,advise,propose),要求（ask,requre,demand,request）等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”。（2）用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，賓補是：necessary,important,strange,desirable,advisable,requested,vital,urgent,possible等時(shí)，后置的賓語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”。（3） wish 引導的賓語(yǔ)從句表虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，如果從句表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；指現在狀態(tài)，則用過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞只用were形式）；指將來(lái)，用過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。(4)would rather引導的賓語(yǔ)從句表虛擬語(yǔ)氣時(shí), 如果從句表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)；指將來(lái)或現在動(dòng)作，則用過(guò)去時(shí)（be動(dòng)詞只用were形式）
【考例】
�、賍___ be sent to work there? (02上海)
A. Who do you suggest B. Who do you suggest that should
C. Do you suggest who shouldD. Do you suggest whom should
�、贕eorge is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I’d rather he_______ more on its culture. （10江蘇）
A. focus B. focused C. wouldfocus D. had focused
�、�?Don't you think it necessary that he _______ to Miami but to New York?
?I agree, but the problem is ________ he has refused to. （05江蘇）
A. will not be sent; thatB. not be sent; that
C. should not be sent; 高二 what D. should not send; what
【簡(jiǎn)析】①A。特殊疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)詞應置于句首，又suggest(建議)后的賓語(yǔ)從句應用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（should+動(dòng)詞原形），且should可省略。②A(yíng)。would rather后應用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示與現在時(shí)間相反，用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。③B。it作形式賓語(yǔ)，that引導的從句作真正的賓語(yǔ)，necessary作賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用“（should）+動(dòng)詞原形”，又因此從句主語(yǔ)與動(dòng)詞send是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用(should) not be sent；第二空的引導詞引導的是表語(yǔ)從句，從句有用省略結構，其完整結構是“he has refused to be sent to New York”,由完整結構可知，該從句不缺成分，故用that。
五、考查名詞性從句it作形式賓語(yǔ)問(wèn)題。
�、儋e語(yǔ)從句+賓語(yǔ)補足語(yǔ)的結構為了保持句子平衡，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ),把真正的賓語(yǔ)從句置于句末，常見(jiàn)的it作形式賓語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有believe,find,make,guess,suppose等。②某些及物動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)不能直接加賓語(yǔ)從句，此時(shí)用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，然后再接賓語(yǔ)從句，此種用法常見(jiàn)于like,dislike,hate,appreciate等。
【考例】
�、貶e didn’t make _____ clear when and where the meeting would be held. （07天津）
A. this B. that C. it D. these
�、贗’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (06山東)
A. that B. it C. this D. you
【簡(jiǎn)析】①C。此題考查的是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞后加賓語(yǔ)的復合結構，clear是賓補，when and where the meeting would be held.是真正的賓語(yǔ)，并置于賓補之后，故用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。②B。if you would like to teach me how to use the computer是賓語(yǔ)從句，作appreciate的賓語(yǔ)，該種情況常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)。
六、考查賓語(yǔ)從句的否定轉移和該情況下的反意疑問(wèn)句問(wèn)題。
主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,believe,suppose,imagine,consider,expect,guess ,be sure等，且主句的主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)并為一般現在時(shí)，從句的否定一般要轉移到主句上來(lái)，其反意疑問(wèn)句一般與賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。
【考例】
�、買(mǎi) don't suppose anyone will volunteer _____?(01上海)
A. do I B. don't I C. will theyD. won't they
�、贗' m sure you' d rather she went to school by bus, _____?(06福建)
A. hadn't you B. wouldn't you C. aren't I D. didn't she
【簡(jiǎn)析】①C。由主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是suppose，主句主語(yǔ)是第一人稱(chēng)并為一般現在時(shí)可知，反意疑問(wèn)句應對賓語(yǔ)從句反問(wèn)，再者don't實(shí)際上是對賓語(yǔ)從句的否定，故反問(wèn)應用肯定，即will they。②B。反意疑問(wèn)句應對I' m sure后的賓語(yǔ)從句的反問(wèn)，又you' d等于you would，故用wouldn't you。
七、考查that引導賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)的是否省略問(wèn)題。
一般來(lái)講，賓語(yǔ)從句中的that可以省略，但下列情況一般不省略：①當一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可��；②由it作形式賓語(yǔ)；③當賓語(yǔ)從句是雙賓語(yǔ)中的直接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；④當賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或從句時(shí)；⑤當主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與賓語(yǔ)從句之間有插入語(yǔ)時(shí)；⑥當某些介詞后接that引導的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，常見(jiàn)的有in that(由于)，except that(除了)等。
【考例】
�、貶aving checked the doors were closed , and ______ all the lights were off, the boy opened the door to his bedroom.（07湖南）
A. why B. that C. when D. where
�、贏(yíng)nimals suffered at the hands of Man ___ they were destroyed by people to make way for agricultural had to provide food for more people.(08江西)
A. in which B. for which C. so that D. in that
�、跧 know nothing about the young lady_____she is from Beijing.（00上海）
A.except B.except forC.except that D.besides
【簡(jiǎn)析】①B。由and可知，the doors were closed和all the lights were off是并列作check的賓語(yǔ)，且從句意思完整。當一個(gè)句子有兩個(gè)或多個(gè)并列的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，引導第二個(gè)和以后幾個(gè)從句的that不可省，故用that。②D。該句大意是“動(dòng)物遭受人類(lèi)的控制，因為人類(lèi)為了得到更多的農產(chǎn)品供更多的人消費，破壞動(dòng)物的生存環(huán)境以得到更多的土地�！眎n that 相當于because。③C�？蘸竺媸遣蝗背煞值膹木�，且與nothing連用，故用except that該句意為“關(guān)于這位年輕的女士，我只知道她來(lái)自上海�！�
八、考查賓語(yǔ)從句存在插入語(yǔ)時(shí)的問(wèn)題。
此時(shí)多考查的是連接詞的選用、位置和從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式及從句語(yǔ)序。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，連接詞應置于插入語(yǔ)之前；特殊疑問(wèn)句形式是插入語(yǔ)用部分倒裝，從句用陳述語(yǔ)序；做選擇題時(shí)，把插入語(yǔ)去掉進(jìn)行判斷。
【考例】
�、費um is coming. What present ______ for your birthday? （05福建）
A．you expect she has got B．you expect has she got
C．do you expect she has got D．do you expect has she got
�、赥he companies are working together to create _____ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. (08北京)
A. which B. that C. what D. who
【簡(jiǎn)析】①C。you expect是插入語(yǔ)，在特殊疑問(wèn)句插入語(yǔ)部分倒裝，賓語(yǔ)從句用陳述語(yǔ)序。②C。create后是賓語(yǔ)從句，其中they hope是插入語(yǔ)，把該插入語(yǔ)去掉后，可以看出該從句缺少主語(yǔ)，根據題意應用what。
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