長(cháng)恨歌·白居易作者簡(jiǎn)介及英漢對照

　　引導語(yǔ)：《長(cháng)恨歌》是中國唐朝詩(shī)人白居易的一首長(cháng)篇敘事詩(shī);詩(shī)人借歷史人物和傳說(shuō)，創(chuàng )造了一個(gè)回旋宛轉的動(dòng)人故事，并通過(guò)塑造的藝術(shù)形象，再現了現實(shí)生活的真實(shí)，感染了千百年來(lái)的讀者，下面是一些關(guān)于《長(cháng)恨歌》的知識，歡迎大家閱讀!

　　長(cháng)恨歌·白居易作者簡(jiǎn)介及英漢對照

　　將進(jìn)酒

　　朝代：唐代

　　作者：李白

　　原文：

　　君不見(jiàn)，黃河之水天上來(lái)，奔流到海不復回。

　　君不見(jiàn)，高堂明鏡悲白發(fā)，朝如青絲暮成雪。

　　人生得意須盡歡，莫使金樽空對月。

　　天生我材必有用，千金散盡還復來(lái)。

　　烹羊宰牛且為樂(lè )，會(huì )須一飲三百杯。

　　岑夫子，丹丘生，將進(jìn)酒，杯莫停。

　　與君歌一曲，請君為我傾耳聽(tīng)。(傾耳聽(tīng) 一作：側耳聽(tīng))

　　鐘鼓饌玉不足貴，但愿長(cháng)醉不復醒。(不足貴 一作：何足貴;不復醒 一作：不愿醒/不用醒)

　　古來(lái)圣賢皆寂寞，惟有飲者留其名。(古來(lái) 一作：自古;惟 通：唯)

　　陳王昔時(shí)宴平樂(lè )，斗酒十千恣歡謔。

　　主人何為言少錢(qián)，徑須沽取對君酌。

　　五花馬，千金裘，呼兒將出換美酒，與爾同銷(xiāo)萬(wàn)古愁。

　　【作者介紹】

　　白居易(772--846)，字樂(lè )天，號香山居士。自號“酔吟先生”。祖籍太原[今屬山西]。到了其曾祖父時(shí)，又遷居下邽(音guī)(今陜西渭南北)。白居易的祖父白湟曾任鞏縣[河南鞏義]縣令，與當時(shí)的新鄭[屬河南]縣令是好友。見(jiàn)新鄭山川秀美，民風(fēng)淳樸，白湟十分喜愛(ài)，就舉家遷移到新鄭城西的東郭宅村(今東郭寺)。

　　唐代宗大歷七年(公元772年2月28日)正月二十日，白居易在東郭宅降生了。小時(shí)候聰穎過(guò)人，5/6歲即學(xué)作詩(shī)，9歲便懂音韻。由于“家貧多故”，11/12歲便顛沛流離，接觸了人民的苦難生活。后到長(cháng)安應試，以《賦得古原草送別》得顧況賞識。落第后回家伏案苦讀，竟至口舌生瘡，手肘結繭。27歲中進(jìn)士，因取中“拔萃”，授秘書(shū)省校書(shū)郎。唐憲宗元和年間，曾任翰林學(xué)士、左拾遺及左贊善大夫(東宮屬官，掌諷諫太子過(guò)失)。元和十年貶江州司馬，后移忠州刺史。唐穆宗時(shí)，由中書(shū)舍人出任杭州刺史、蘇州刺史。晚年以太子賓客及太子少傅分司東都。出任武宗會(huì )昌六年(846年)八月卒于洛陽(yáng)[屬河南]，享年75歲。著(zhù)有《白氏長(cháng)慶集》七十一卷。以44歲為界，之前抱定“兼濟天下”之思，之后則“獨善其身”。

　　晚年官至太子少傅，謚號“文”，世稱(chēng)白傅、白文公。人稱(chēng)“詩(shī)魔”，和好友元稹在文學(xué)上積極倡導新樂(lè )府運動(dòng)，主張“文章合為時(shí)而著(zhù)，歌詩(shī)合為事而作”，強調繼承《詩(shī)經(jīng)》的優(yōu)良傳統和杜甫的創(chuàng )作精神，反對六朝以來(lái)的“嘲風(fēng)雪，弄花草”的作品，寫(xiě)下了不少感嘆時(shí)世、反映人民疾苦的詩(shī)篇，即所謂“諷喻詩(shī)”(《新樂(lè )府》50首《秦中吟》10首)，其中有反應人民疾苦的《觀(guān)刈麥》《繚綾》等，有諷刺橫征暴斂的《重賦》《杜陵叟》等，有指責貪官強暴的《宿紫閣山北》《賣(mài)炭翁》等，有揭露豪門(mén)貴族荒淫驕橫的《輕肥》《買(mǎi)花》等，有表現對邊事和邊民關(guān)心的《西涼使》《縛戎人》等，有反對窮兵黷武的《新豐折臂翁》，有同情婦女悲慘命運的《上揚白發(fā)人》《井底引銀瓶》《陵園妾》等。是我國文學(xué)史上相當重要的詩(shī)人,當時(shí)對外國也有一定影響. 。其藝術(shù)成就最高的是長(cháng)篇敘事抒情詩(shī)。更多唐詩(shī)欣賞敬請關(guān)注“習古堂國學(xué)網(wǎng)”的唐詩(shī)三百首欄目()

　　白居易的通俗好懂，傳說(shuō)“白傅作詩(shī)，老婦皆懂”。

　　當顧況看到遞來(lái)的詩(shī)稿《賦得古原草送別》署名白居易時(shí)，說(shuō)：“長(cháng)安米貴，‘白居’不‘易’啊!”當看到“野火燒不盡，春風(fēng)吹又生”時(shí)，馬上贊嘆：“有這樣的詩(shī)才，實(shí)在難得，就是走遍天下‘白居’也‘易’啊!”

　　主要作品

　　《長(cháng)恨歌》《琵琶行》《賦得古原草送別》《錢(qián)塘湖春行》《暮江吟》《憶江南》《大林寺桃花》《同李十一醉憶元九》《直中書(shū)省》《長(cháng)相思》《題岳陽(yáng)樓》《觀(guān)刈麥》《宮詞》 《問(wèn)劉十九》《買(mǎi)花》 《自河南經(jīng)亂關(guān)內阻饑兄弟離散各在一處因望》

　　早年熱心濟世，強調詩(shī)歌的政治功能，并力求通俗，所作《新樂(lè )府》、《秦中吟》共六十首，確實(shí)做到了“唯歌生民病”、“句句必盡規”，與杜甫的“三吏”、“三別”同為著(zhù)名的詩(shī)史。長(cháng)篇敘事詩(shī)《長(cháng)恨歌》、《琵琶行》則代表他藝術(shù)上的最高成就。中年在官場(chǎng)中受了挫折，“宦途自此心長(cháng)別，世事從今口不開(kāi)”，但仍寫(xiě)了許多好詩(shī)，為百姓做過(guò)許多好事，杭州西湖至今留著(zhù)紀念他的白堤。晚年寄情山水，也寫(xiě)過(guò)一些小詞。贈劉禹錫詩(shī)云： “古歌舊曲君休聽(tīng)， 聽(tīng)取新詞《楊柳枝》”，可見(jiàn)他曾自度一些新詞。其中《花非花》一首，頗具朦朧之美。

　　文學(xué)創(chuàng )作

　　后代劇作家也多有據白詩(shī)故事進(jìn)行再創(chuàng )作，如白樸、洪升根據《長(cháng)恨歌》分別作《梧桐雨》、《長(cháng)生殿》;馬致遠、蔣士銓據《琵琶行》分別作《青衫淚》、《四弦秋》。白詩(shī)詞句，也多為宋、元、明話(huà)本所采用。白居易不屬韓柳文學(xué)團體，但也是新體古文的倡導者和創(chuàng )作者。其《策林》七十五篇，識見(jiàn)卓著(zhù)，議論風(fēng)發(fā)，詞暢意深，是追蹤賈誼《治安策》的政論文;《與元九書(shū)》洋洋灑灑，夾敘夾議，是唐代文學(xué)批評的重要文獻�！恫萏糜洝�、《冷泉亭記》、《三游洞序》、《荔枝圖序》等文，均文筆簡(jiǎn)潔，旨趣雋永。為唐代散文中的優(yōu)秀之作。白居易還是詞創(chuàng )作的有力推動(dòng)者，《憶江南》、《浪淘沙》、《花非花》、《長(cháng)相思》諸小令，為文人詞發(fā)展開(kāi)拓了道路。

　　同詩(shī)仙李白、詩(shī)圣杜甫、詩(shī)豪劉禹錫、詩(shī)鬼李賀等，白居易被稱(chēng)為"詩(shī)魔"。

　　【英漢對照】

　　長(cháng)恨歌

　　白居易

　　漢皇重色思傾國， 御宇多年求不得。

　　楊家有女初長(cháng)成， 養在深閨人未識。

　　天生麗質(zhì)難自棄， 一朝選在君王側;

　　回眸一笑百媚生， 六宮粉黛無(wú)顏色。

　　春寒賜浴華清池， 溫泉水滑洗凝脂;

　　侍兒扶起嬌無(wú)力， 始是新承恩澤時(shí)。

　　云鬢花顏金步搖， 芙蓉帳暖度春宵;

　　春宵苦短日高起， 從此君王不早朝。

　　承歡侍宴無(wú)閑暇， 春從春游夜專(zhuān)夜。

　　后宮佳麗三千人， 三千寵愛(ài)在一身。

　　金星妝成嬌侍夜， 玉樓宴罷醉和春。

　　姊妹弟兄皆列士， 可憐光彩生門(mén)戶(hù);

　　遂令天下父母心， 不重生男重生女。

　　驪宮高處入青云， 仙樂(lè )風(fēng)飄處處聞;

　　緩歌慢舞凝絲竹， 盡日君王看不足。

　　漁陽(yáng)鼙鼓動(dòng)地來(lái)， 驚破霓裳羽衣曲。

　　九重城闕煙塵生， 千乘萬(wàn)騎西南行。

　　翠華搖搖行復止， 西出都門(mén)百余里。

　　六軍不發(fā)無(wú)奈何? 宛轉蛾眉馬前死。

　　花鈿委地無(wú)人收， 翠翹金雀玉搔頭。

　　君王掩面救不得， 回看血淚相和流。

　　黃埃散漫風(fēng)蕭索， 云�？M紆登劍閣。

　　峨嵋山下少人行， 旌旗無(wú)光日色薄。

　　蜀江水碧蜀山青， 圣主朝朝暮暮情。

　　行宮見(jiàn)月傷心色， 夜雨聞鈴腸斷聲。

　　天旋地轉回龍馭， 到此躊躇不能去。

　　馬嵬坡下泥土中， 不見(jiàn)玉顏空死處。

　　君臣相顧盡沾衣， 東望都門(mén)信馬歸。

　　歸來(lái)池苑皆依舊， 太液芙蓉未央柳;

　　芙蓉如面柳如眉， 對此如何不淚垂?

　　春風(fēng)桃李花開(kāi)日， 秋雨梧桐葉落時(shí)。

　　西宮南內多秋草， 落葉滿(mǎn)階紅不掃。

　　梨園子弟白發(fā)新， 椒房阿監青娥老。

　　夕殿螢飛思悄然， 孤燈挑盡未成眠。

　　遲遲鐘鼓初長(cháng)夜， 耿耿星河欲曙天。

　　鴛鴦瓦冷霜華重， 翡翠衾寒誰(shuí)與共?

　　悠悠生死別經(jīng)年， 魂魄不曾來(lái)入夢(mèng)。

　　臨邛道士鴻都客， 能以精誠致魂魄;

　　為感君王輾轉思， 遂教方士殷勤覓。

　　排空馭氣奔如電， 升天入地求之遍;

　　上窮碧落下黃泉， 兩處茫茫皆不見(jiàn)。

　　忽聞海上有仙山， 山在虛無(wú)縹緲間;

　　樓閣玲瓏五云起， 其中綽約多仙子。

　　中有一人字太真， 雪膚花貌參差是。

　　金闕西廂叩玉扃， 轉教小玉報雙成。

　　聞道漢家天子使， 九華帳里夢(mèng)魂驚。

　　攬衣推枕起徘徊， 珠箔銀屏迤邐開(kāi)，

　　云鬢半偏新睡覺(jué)， 花冠不整下堂來(lái)。

　　風(fēng)吹仙袂飄飄舉， 猶似霓裳羽衣舞;

　　玉容寂寞淚闌干， 梨花一枝春帶雨。

　　含情凝睇謝君王， 一別音容兩渺茫。

　　昭陽(yáng)殿里恩愛(ài)絕， 蓬萊宮中日月長(cháng)。

　　回頭下望人寰處， 不見(jiàn)長(cháng)安見(jiàn)塵霧。

　　唯將舊物表深情， 鈿合金釵寄將去。

　　釵留一股合一扇， 釵擘黃金合分鈿;

　　但教心似金鈿堅， 天上人間會(huì )相見(jiàn)。

　　臨別殷勤重寄詞， 詞中有誓兩心知。

　　七月七日長(cháng)生殿， 夜半無(wú)人私語(yǔ)時(shí)。

　　在天愿作比翼鳥(niǎo)， 在地愿為連理枝。

　　天長(cháng)地久有時(shí)盡， 此恨綿綿無(wú)絕期。

　　A SONG OF UNENDING SORROW

　　Bai Juyi

　　China's Emperor, craving beauty that might shake an empire,

　　Was on the throne for many years, searching, never finding,

　　Till a little child of the Yang clan, hardly even grown,

　　Bred in an inner chamber, with no one knowing her,

　　But with graces granted by heaven and not to be concealed,

　　At last one day was chosen for the imperial household.

　　If she but turned her head and smiled, there were cast a hundred spells,

　　And the powder and paint of the Six Palaces faded into nothing.

　　...It was early spring. They bathed her in the FlowerPure Pool,

　　Which warmed and smoothed the creamy-tinted crystal of her skin,

　　And, because of her languor, a maid was lifting her

　　When first the Emperor noticed her and chose her for his bride.

　　The cloud of her hair, petal of her cheek, gold ripples of her crown when she moved,

　　Were sheltered on spring evenings by warm hibiscus curtains;

　　But nights of spring were short and the sun arose too soon,

　　And the Emperor, from that time forth, forsook his early hearings

　　And lavished all his time on her with feasts and revelry,

　　His mistress of the spring, his despot of the night.

　　There were other ladies in his court, three thousand of rare beauty,

　　But his favours to three thousand were concentered in one body.

　　By the time she was dressed in her Golden Chamber, it would be almost evening;

　　And when tables were cleared in the Tower of Jade, she would loiter, slow with wine.

　　Her sisters and her brothers all were given titles;

　　And, because she so illumined and glorified her clan,

　　She brought to every father, every mother through the empire,

　　Happiness when a girl was born rather than a boy.

　　...High rose Li Palace, entering blue clouds,

　　And far and wide the breezes carried magical notes

　　Of soft song and slow dance, of string and bamboo music.

　　The Emperor's eyes could never gaze on her enough-

　　Till war-drums, booming from Yuyang, shocked the whole earth

　　And broke the tunes of The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.

　　The Forbidden City, the nine-tiered palace, loomed in the dust

　　From thousands of horses and chariots headed southwest.

　　The imperial flag opened the way, now moving and now pausing- -

　　But thirty miles from the capital, beyond the western gate,

　　The men of the army stopped, not one of them would stir

　　Till under their horses' hoofs they might trample those moth- eyebrows....

　　Flowery hairpins fell to the ground, no one picked them up,

　　And a green and white jade hair-tassel and a yellowgold hair- bird.

　　The Emperor could not save her, he could only cover his face.

　　And later when he turned to look, the place of blood and tears

　　Was hidden in a yellow dust blown by a cold wind.

　　... At the cleft of the Dagger-Tower Trail they crisscrossed through a cloud-line

　　Under Omei Mountain. The last few came.

　　Flags and banners lost their colour in the fading sunlight....

　　But as waters of Shu are always green and its mountains always blue,

　　So changeless was His Majesty's love and deeper than the days.

　　He stared at the desolate moon from his temporary palace.

　　He heard bell-notes in the evening rain, cutting at his breast.

　　And when heaven and earth resumed their round and the dragon car faced home,

　　The Emperor clung to the spot and would not turn away

　　From the soil along the Mawei slope, under which was buried

　　That memory, that anguish. Where was her jade-white face?

　　Ruler and lords, when eyes would meet, wept upon their coats

　　As they rode, with loose rein, slowly eastward, back to the capital.

　　...The pools, the gardens, the palace, all were just as before,

　　The Lake Taiye hibiscus, the Weiyang Palace willows;

　　But a petal was like her face and a willow-leaf her eyebrow --

　　And what could he do but cry whenever he looked at them?

　　...Peach-trees and plum-trees blossomed, in the winds of spring;

　　Lakka-foliage fell to the ground, after autumn rains;

　　The Western and Southern Palaces were littered with late grasses,

　　And the steps were mounded with red leaves that no one swept away.

　　Her Pear-Garden Players became white-haired

　　And the eunuchs thin-eyebrowed in her Court of PepperTrees;

　　Over the throne flew fire-flies, while he brooded in the twilight.

　　He would lengthen the lamp-wick to its end and still could never sleep.

　　Bell and drum would slowly toll the dragging nighthours

　　And the River of Stars grow sharp in the sky, just before dawn,

　　And the porcelain mandarin-ducks on the roof grow thick with morning frost

　　And his covers of kingfisher-blue feel lonelier and colder

　　With the distance between life and death year after year;

　　And yet no beloved spirit ever visited his dreams.

　　...At Lingqiong lived a Taoist priest who was a guest of heaven,

　　Able to summon spirits by his concentrated mind.

　　And people were so moved by the Emperor's constant brooding

　　That they besought the Taoist priest to see if he could find her.

　　He opened his way in space and clove the ether like lightning,

　　Up to heaven, under the earth, looking everywhere.

　　Above, he searched the Green Void, below, the Yellow Spring;

　　But he failed, in either place, to find the one he looked for.

　　And then he heard accounts of an enchanted isle at sea,

　　A part of the intangible and incorporeal world,

　　With pavilions and fine towers in the five-coloured air,

　　And of exquisite immortals moving to and fro,

　　And of one among them-whom they called The Ever True-

　　With a face of snow and flowers resembling hers he sought.

　　So he went to the West Hall's gate of gold and knocked at the jasper door

　　And asked a girl, called Morsel-of-Jade, to tell The Doubly- Perfect.

　　And the lady, at news of an envoy from the Emperor of China,

　　Was startled out of dreams in her nine-flowered, canopy.

　　She pushed aside her pillow, dressed, shook away sleep,

　　And opened the pearly shade and then the silver screen.

　　Her cloudy hair-dress hung on one side because of her great haste,

　　And her flower-cap was loose when she came along the terrace,

　　While a light wind filled her cloak and fluttered with her motion

　　As though she danced The Rainbow Skirt and the Feathered Coat.

　　And the tear-drops drifting down her sad white face

　　Were like a rain in spring on the blossom of the pear.

　　But love glowed deep within her eyes when she bade him thank her liege,

　　Whose form and voice had been strange to her ever since their parting --

　　Since happiness had ended at the Court of the Bright Sun,

　　And moons and dawns had become long in Fairy-Mountain Palace.

　　But when she turned her face and looked down toward the earth

　　And tried to see the capital, there were only fog and dust.

　　So she took out, with emotion, the pledges he had given

　　And, through his envoy, sent him back a shell box and gold hairpin,

　　But kept one branch of the hairpin and one side of the box,

　　Breaking the gold of the hairpin, breaking the shell of the box;

　　"Our souls belong together," she said, " like this gold and this shell --

　　Somewhere, sometime, on earth or in heaven, we shall surely

　　And she sent him, by his messenger, a sentence reminding him

　　Of vows which had been known only to their two hearts:

　　"On the seventh day of the Seventh-month, in the Palace of Long Life,

　　We told each other secretly in the quiet midnight world

　　That we wished to fly in heaven, two birds with the wings of one,

　　And to grow together on the earth, two branches of one tree."

　　Earth endures, heaven endures; some time both shall end,

　　While this unending sorrow goes on and on for ever.

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