畢業(yè)實(shí)習總結(900字)范本
第一篇：實(shí)習心得
時(shí)光飛速，11個(gè)月的實(shí)習生涯已經(jīng)結束了，在這將近一年的實(shí)習中我嚴格遵守醫院及各科室的規章制度，學(xué)習態(tài)度端正，學(xué)習動(dòng)機明確，工作主觀(guān)能動(dòng)性強，在老師和學(xué)姐的帶領(lǐng)下，嚴格“三查七對”你及無(wú)菌操作�，F在我為我的辛勤付出寫(xiě)下在醫院實(shí)習的心得。因為實(shí)習的醫院實(shí)行的是全責制的護理模式，與以往的功能制護理不同，在這里我們學(xué)到了以“我的病人，我的護士”為原則，盡心盡力的為病人提供優(yōu)質(zhì)護理服務(wù)理念。
記得去年的5月份，剛走出校園的我帶著(zhù)緊張、興奮、渴望的心情到醫院實(shí)習，第一個(gè)科室就是急診，從沒(méi)見(jiàn)過(guò)那么緊急的場(chǎng)面，我一下子慌了，雖然才剛實(shí)習，但我已經(jīng)懂得：我如今所面對的將不再是學(xué)校的理論知識和初步的實(shí)驗課，我要面對的是真正脆弱的病人，是不可以出一丁點(diǎn)差錯的。急診是一個(gè)綜合科室，對護理人員的能力要求也是比較嚴格，因此我學(xué)到的知識也是很多，了解到了急診預檢分診和院前急救的流程，掌握了心電監護儀、心電圖機等的操作方法，掌握并加強心肺復蘇等專(zhuān)業(yè)技術(shù)和急診儀器（洗胃機、除顫儀）的操作和維護，熟悉了急診常見(jiàn)疾病的護理。
在各科室的實(shí)習工作中，根據學(xué)校和醫院的要求我積極主動(dòng)地完成了病歷的書(shū)寫(xiě)、讀書(shū)會(huì )、病例討論，而且能規范書(shū)寫(xiě)各類(lèi)護理文書(shū)，做好病人出入院評估護理，能做好各科室常見(jiàn)病的處理和護理工作，認真執行無(wú)菌操作規程，能熟練進(jìn)行內、外、婦、兒及重癥監護等各項操作能力，嚴格執行三查七對等等，這些都培養了我書(shū)寫(xiě)、組織、表達等各方面的能力。
根據醫院制定出來(lái)的教學(xué)活動(dòng)計劃，讓我從簡(jiǎn)單到復雜，從看到做，從依賴(lài)變獨立，從臨床具體實(shí)例循序漸進(jìn)的學(xué)習。通過(guò)下臨床，我也意識到理論知識的重要性，因為在各個(gè)科室中，最重要的就是給患者和家屬衛教，在衛教當中，會(huì )由于理論知識不夠扎實(shí)，而衛教得不全面，
因而在各科室的學(xué)習中和老師學(xué)姐的指導下，我學(xué)會(huì )了如何根據患者住院期間的護理評估和照護重點(diǎn)來(lái)擴展對疾病的認識，從而學(xué)習更多的理論知識，為病人更好的衛教。當自己的衛教得到患者及家屬的認可和表?yè)P時(shí)，心底不由而衷的涌上自豪感。
通過(guò)將近一年的實(shí)習，我的理論水平和實(shí)踐水平都有所提高，在今后的工作中，我將繼續努力，牢記護士職責，不斷加強學(xué)習與操作技能學(xué)習，全面提高自身綜合水平，為患者提供優(yōu)質(zhì)服務(wù)，并在工作過(guò)程中克服急躁情緒，積極、熱情、細致地對待每一項工作，做一名合格的護理人員。
第二篇：畢業(yè)實(shí)習總結 9300字
UNIT THREE
Operations Research
運籌學(xué)
Brief history
Operations research is relatively young discipline, being organized as a separate professional field of study only since the end of World War II. The Operational Research Society of the Untied Kingdom (ORS), Operations Research Society of America (ORSA), and the Institute of Management Sciences (TIMS) were found in 1948, 1952 and 1953, respectively. However, the methods and practices of operations research were being applied just prior to the war by British scientists working for the Air Ministry. In fact, two of these scientists are credited with first coining the phrase “operational research”.
簡(jiǎn)單的歷史回顧
運籌學(xué)是一門(mén)相對比較新的學(xué)科。它是從二戰以后才開(kāi)始作為專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)科而被研究的。 英國運籌學(xué)會(huì )，美國運籌學(xué)會(huì )和管理學(xué)會(huì )分別成立于1948,1952 和1953。然而，早在二戰之前，英國的科學(xué)家就將運籌學(xué)的理論和實(shí)踐應用于空軍。事實(shí)上,正是這些科學(xué)家中的兩位首次提出了“運籌學(xué)”這一名詞。
The earliest application of operations research involved improving the early warning system of the RAF’s Fighter Command. This system was quickly put to the test during the Battle of Britain. Throughout the remainder of the war, the methods of operations research were used by all branches of the British military to improve the results of their operations. As might be expected, the armed forces of the United States began to apply similar techniques soon after Pearl Harbor.
運籌學(xué)最早應用是在提高英國皇家空軍司令部的預警系統上。這個(gè)系統在英國的戰爭中很快被測試。在整個(gè)余下的戰爭中，運籌學(xué)的方法被英國的分支部隊用于提高他們的控制結果。正如期望的那樣，在珍珠港事件后，美國軍方也開(kāi)始應用類(lèi)似的技術(shù)。
After WWII, the use of operations research continued in the military and was greatly expanded. In addition, businesses on both sides of the Atlantic began to apply operations research to a broad range of management problems, such as accident prevention, production planning, inventory control, and personnel planning.
二戰后，運籌學(xué)繼續運用在軍事方面，并且有極大的拓展，另外，大西洋兩岸的商業(yè)活動(dòng)開(kāi)始將運籌學(xué)應用到管理問(wèn)題的廣闊的領(lǐng)域，例如，事故預防，生產(chǎn)計劃編制，存貨控制和人事計劃編制。
The first formal university courses and curricula also began to be developed during the immediate postwar period. MIT, Case Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University), and the University of Pennsylvania were among the first universities to offer formal degree programs in the United States in the early fifties. It is interesting to note that similar academic programs did not develop in the United Kingdom until latter, although lectures and courses were offered at a few universities. University programs in operations research in the United States and Canada are located in a wide variety of colleges, schools, and departments, reflecting the field’s highly interdisciplinary nature. Programs are found in departments of mathematical science, decision sciences, statistics, industrial engineering, computer science, management science, engineering management, mechanical engineering, and operations research. These departments are located in school or colleges of engineering, business, management, industrial engineering, and applied science.
戰后，第一批正規大學(xué)課程也開(kāi)始涌現，并迅速得到發(fā)展。xx年代早期，麻省理工學(xué)院，卡斯技術(shù)學(xué)院（現在的卡斯西方儲備學(xué)院）和賓夕法尼亞大學(xué)是他們之中第一批提供正規的學(xué)位課程的大學(xué)。盡管這些課在少數的大學(xué)被設立，有趣的是，在英國盡管有零星的大學(xué)也進(jìn)行了一些有關(guān)運籌學(xué)的演講和課程，但是直到后來(lái)類(lèi)似的學(xué)術(shù)課程才在英國得到發(fā)展。在美國和加拿大，運籌學(xué)方面的課程在各種學(xué)校、學(xué)院和院系中被廣泛設置，反映出這個(gè)領(lǐng)域高度融合的性質(zhì)。這些課程被設立在材料科學(xué)，決策科學(xué)，統計學(xué)，工業(yè)工程，計算機科學(xué)，管理科學(xué)，工程管理，機械工程和運籌學(xué)等院系中。這些院系隸屬工程、商業(yè)、管理、工業(yè)工程和應用科學(xué)等學(xué)�；驅W(xué)院。
Operations research as defined by the Operations Research Society of America, “is concerned with scientifically deciding how to best design and operate man-machine systems, usually under conditions requiring the allocation of scarce resources.” Important to the field is the development, testing, and use of models to predict various outcomes under differing conditions or to optimize the outcome for a given condition. This gives decision makers the ability either to choose the “best” outcome or to enhance the likelihood of a given set of desired outcomes. The application of quantitative methods is also very important.
美國運籌學(xué)學(xué)會(huì )將運籌學(xué)定義為：在需要對緊缺資源進(jìn)行分配的前提下決定如何最好的設計和運作人-機系統的決策科學(xué)。這個(gè)領(lǐng)域的重點(diǎn)是發(fā)展，檢測和應用模型去預測在不同條件下的各種結果，或者優(yōu)化給定條件下的結果。決策者應有的能力是：要么選擇最優(yōu)結果，要么增大一系列給定結果中的好的結果的可能性。定量方法的.應用也是非常重要的。
Some OR accomplishments
Some important breakthroughs of the 1970s and 1980s are highlighted below, with description of how they have employed and the resulting economic impact.
運籌學(xué)的一些成果
在20世紀xx年代到xx年代之間取得了一些十分突出的重大突破，下面講述他們如何被應用以及其對經(jīng)濟的影響。
Integrative OR accomplishments
In 1983 and 1984 , Citgo petroleum corporation , the nation ’s largest independent refining and marking company ,with 1985 sales in excess of $4 billion, invested in a unique set of comprehensive and integrative systems that combine such OR disciplines as mathematical programming, forecasting, and expert systems, with statistics and organizational theory. Ctigo applied the OR systems to such operations as crude and product acquisition, refining ,supply and distribution ,strategic and operations market planning ,accounts receivable and payable, inventory control ,and setting individual performance objectives ,and now credits these OR systems with turning a 1984 operating loss that exceeded $5 million into a 1985 operating profit in excess of $7 million .
綜合的運籌學(xué)成果
在1983和19xx年，全美最大的石油獨立冶煉和銷(xiāo)售公司--citgo石油公司，將19xx年超過(guò)4億的銷(xiāo)售額投資在一個(gè)獨一無(wú)二的全面集成系統中，這個(gè)系統將運籌學(xué)的數學(xué)規劃、預測及專(zhuān)家系統結合到了統計和組織理論中。Citgo將運籌學(xué)系統應用到諸如：天然物資的產(chǎn)品開(kāi)采，冶煉，供應和配送，運作市場(chǎng)規劃，應收應付款，存貨控制和制定個(gè)人執行目標， Citgo公司由19xx年5000萬(wàn)的營(yíng)業(yè)損失變?yōu)榈?9xx年高達7000萬(wàn)的營(yíng)業(yè)利潤要歸功于這個(gè)運籌學(xué)系統。
Optimization
Optimization—determining how to get an objective function or performance index to its maximum within the limits of available resources and technology—is a fundamental goal of decision making and, moreover, an important tool in engineering design. For more than three decades, research in optimization—a considerable fraction of which has been funded by the STOR program of NSF—has been active and fruitful, with payoffs accumulating through a multitude of application.
最優(yōu)化
最優(yōu)化—決定如何得到一個(gè)目標函數或性能指標以使得在有限的資源和技術(shù)有限的條件下達到它的最大值—是決策的基本目標，并且除此之外，它還是在工程設計方面重要的工具。三十多年來(lái)，最優(yōu)化方面的研究—它的很多方面的研究已經(jīng)被NSF的STOR計劃資助—已經(jīng)通過(guò)大量的實(shí)踐積累產(chǎn)生了作用并取得累累碩果。
Linear programming is widely used throughout the world. Optimization also involves techniques for solving large-scale, discrete, nonlinear, multiobjective, and global problems. Some recent advances in the filed have such great potential that they have been cited prominently in popular publications, including the NEWYORK Times and the Wall Street Journal. Moreover, optimization is in a new stage of proliferation because its techniques are now accessible to microcomputers. Since optimization has achieved a degree of maturity, it is natural to take a hard look at what can be expected from further research.
線(xiàn)性規劃在全世界范圍內被廣泛應用。最優(yōu)化也包括解決大規模，離散，非線(xiàn)性，多目標和全球化問(wèn)題的技術(shù)。在這個(gè)領(lǐng)域最近的一些探索有如此大的潛力以至于它們已經(jīng)被一些受歡迎的出版物大力宣傳，其中包括《紐約時(shí)報》和《華爾街日報》。此外，因為現在最優(yōu)化的技術(shù)可通過(guò)微機來(lái)實(shí)現，所以它正處在一個(gè)快速發(fā)展的新時(shí)期。既然最優(yōu)化已經(jīng)達到了一個(gè)成熟的程度，那么關(guān)注在更進(jìn)一步的研究中被期望的結果是自然而然的了。
In the more mature areas such as linear programming and unconstrained optimization, and in those of intermediate maturity such as integer and constrained convex optimization, emphasis will be placed on rapid, large-scale computation. This will be driven both by the need to solve large problems in manufacturing and logistics, and by the opportunities created in new computer technologies such as parallel processing. Research in such newer and lesser understood areas as global, multicriteria, and qualitative optimization, will necessarily deal with basic issues.
在那些更為成熟的如線(xiàn)性規劃和無(wú)約束優(yōu)化等領(lǐng)域和一些不太成熟的如整數和約束優(yōu)化等領(lǐng)域，研究的重點(diǎn)將被放到快速的，大規模的計算上。制造業(yè)和物流上的一些重大問(wèn)題需要和如并行進(jìn)程等新的計算機技術(shù)所創(chuàng )造出的機會(huì )將會(huì )推動(dòng)這些研究的進(jìn)行。一些在全新領(lǐng)域和我們知之甚少的領(lǐng)域如全球性和多標準定性?xún)?yōu)化等研究，將會(huì )必然的應用于處理一些比較基本的日常事情上。
Stochastic processes
We live in a world in which we have limited knowledge and an inability to predict the future with certainty. A telecommunications network may suddenly be flooded by calls; a vital machine in a manufacturing plant may fail unexpectedly; a firefighting service may be called into action without warning. The study of stochastic processes provides us with a systematic way to model, design and control service systems characterized by such uncertainly. Operations research will continue to provide an observational framework for such studies through fundamental research into foundations of probabilistic phenomena.
隨機系統
我們生活在一個(gè)知識短缺和無(wú)力對未來(lái)事實(shí)進(jìn)行預測的世界中。一個(gè)通信網(wǎng)絡(luò )可能會(huì )突然被阻塞；車(chē)間的一個(gè)至關(guān)重要的機器可能意外發(fā)生故障；一個(gè)消防系統可能在沒(méi)有任何征兆的情況下被要求執行任務(wù)。對統計過(guò)程的學(xué)習將會(huì )為我們提供一種系統的方法去建立、設計和控制系統中的不穩定因素。運籌學(xué)為我們提供了一個(gè)通過(guò)基礎研究而了解基本的概率現象的框架。
Flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) and computer/communication networks exemplify complex systems that fall into a class called discrete event stochastic systems (DESS). The efficient design and operation of these systems is extremely important to economic competitiveness, yet system behavior is not completely understood. Present methods of analysis and design of DESS focus on their behavior in the steady state, a conceptualization that requires performance measures to be made “in the long run” or “averaged over time.” Yet, most systems exhibit dynamic behavior on their way to (or sometimes even during) the steady state that may produce a deviation in performance from that computed by steady state analysis. Design and control of such systems (for example, multiechelon spare parts inventories, integrated manufacturing cells or computer/communication nets) involving explicit consideration of the cost or impact of transient behavior, is now a real possibility.
柔性制造系統和計算機通信網(wǎng)絡(luò )是一個(gè)復雜的系統，也就是所謂的離散事件隨機系統的很好的例證。這些系統有效的設計和運轉對經(jīng)濟學(xué)上的競爭是極其重要的，但是系統行為卻是很難被完全掌握�，F代離散事件隨機系統的分析和設計方法集中在它們在穩定狀態(tài)下的行為上，在長(cháng)期的運轉或超過(guò)平均時(shí)間的運作中一個(gè)需要績(jì)效測量的概念形成了。然而，在他們向穩定狀態(tài)過(guò)渡的過(guò)程中大多數系統展示動(dòng)態(tài)行為，而穩定狀態(tài)也可能會(huì )產(chǎn)生一些被穩定狀態(tài)分析計算出來(lái)的執行偏差。這類(lèi)涉及成本的清楚估價(jià)或短期行為影響系統的設計和控制，現已成為一種可能。（例如，多樣級別剩余零件的清單，集成制造組織，或計算機通信網(wǎng)絡(luò )）。
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