托福閱讀長(cháng)難句練習題及解析
托福閱讀中會(huì )遇到那些結構特別復雜的句子，我們把它叫做長(cháng)難句。面對托福閱讀又叒叕長(cháng)的文章，如何攻克閱讀長(cháng)難句來(lái)提高閱讀功底和分數呢？眾所周知，長(cháng)難句并不屬于托福閱讀十大題型中的任何一類(lèi)，可事實(shí)上，閱讀高分絕對離不開(kāi)長(cháng)難句的訓練。小編今天為大家帶來(lái)托福閱讀長(cháng)難句練習題，希望對大家復習有所幫助！
一、長(cháng)難句訓練題
1、The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.
2、While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
3、In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can not be well defined.
4、It is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be required by a sort of special training.
5、How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted.
二、長(cháng)難句訓練題解析
1、
解析：
本句的主干即是：The Greeks assumed。That引導assumed的賓語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞為had；which引導定語(yǔ)從句修飾前面的整個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，即希臘人的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，句中動(dòng)詞是took；在此定語(yǔ)從句中，long before引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，動(dòng)詞是realized；其中how引導realized的賓語(yǔ)從句，從句動(dòng)詞為could be。
參考譯文：
希臘人認為，語(yǔ)言結構與思維過(guò)程之間存在著(zhù)某種聯(lián)系。這一觀(guān)點(diǎn)在人們尚未認識到語(yǔ)言的千差萬(wàn)別以前就早已在歐洲扎下了根。
2、
解析：
主句：modern practice most closely conforms to one;從句：讓步狀語(yǔ)從句While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians；比較狀語(yǔ)從句as there are historians；定語(yǔ)從句that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past修飾one.
參考譯文：
幾乎每個(gè)歷史學(xué)家對歷史都有自己的界定，但現代史學(xué)家的實(shí)踐最趨向于認為，歷史是試圖重現過(guò)去的'重大史實(shí)并對其做出解釋。
3、
解析：
主句：the tests work most effectively when... and least effectively when...，主句中潛逃了兩個(gè)并列的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined和when... can not be well defined，第二個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中又嵌套了一個(gè)主語(yǔ)從句what is to be measured or predicted做此狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。
參考譯文：
一般地說(shuō)，當所要測定的特征能很精確界定時(shí)，測試最為有效；而當所要測定或預測的東西不能明確地界定時(shí)，測試的效果則最差。
4、
解析：
主句：it is imagined，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，而that引導的 that the operations... compared with these processes和that they have to ... special training是并列的主語(yǔ)從句，為真正的主語(yǔ)。
參考譯文：
許多人以為，普通人的思維活動(dòng)根本無(wú)法與這些思維過(guò)程（科學(xué)家的思維過(guò)程）相比，認為這些思維過(guò)程是必須由某種專(zhuān)門(mén)訓練才能掌握。
5、
解析：
主句：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom；主句中嵌套了一個(gè)how引導的主語(yǔ)從句：How well the predictions will be validated by later performance；定語(yǔ)從句 with which it is interpreted修飾the skill and wisdom。
參考譯文：
這些測試在多大程度上為后來(lái)的表現所證實(shí)，這取決于所采用信息的數量、可靠性和恰當性，以及解釋這些信息的技能和才智。
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