新GRE改革，讓很多考生都感到望而生畏，下面這篇文章為大家介紹了新GRE閱讀選項遵循的原則，希望能給廣大GRE考生帶來(lái)幫助!

　　2011年8月即將實(shí)施的新GRE中取消了類(lèi)比反義的考查。新GRE的Verbal部分包括：Reading Comprehension，Text Completion以及Sentence Equivalence三個(gè)部分。其中與現行GRE考試的共同點(diǎn)就是閱讀理解不但保留下來(lái)，其重要性得到了進(jìn)一步的提升。

　　如果說(shuō)Verbal Section是中國考生的噩夢(mèng)，GRE閱讀便是噩夢(mèng)中噩夢(mèng)。原因是中國學(xué)生由于長(cháng)期以來(lái)在英語(yǔ)閱讀理解的訓練上一直強調詞匯的理解和文本的翻譯。所謂的“重翻譯，輕思維”。此種訓練理念與與ETS的要求相去甚遠。其實(shí)，GRE閱讀是借助閱讀考察申請者的邏輯思維和解決問(wèn)題的能力。另外，中國考生對于GRE閱讀考試中的文章特點(diǎn)和選項編制的原則了解甚微，也導致備考中存在較大的盲目性以及考試中表現不佳。

　　在此文中，筆者無(wú)意對GRE閱讀的文章特點(diǎn)做過(guò)多的論述，倒是想就GRE閱讀文章的“最后一擊”---選項，尤其是選項編制的原則， 做一些論述。并會(huì )結合筆者在近10年的教學(xué)經(jīng)歷跟讀者朋友們分享所得。

　　作為一個(gè)標準化運作的出題機構多年以來(lái)在GRE閱讀的出題方面已經(jīng)沉淀下若干固定的規則，即ETS用固定的原則來(lái)指導閱讀試題的編撰者來(lái)編制正確和錯誤的選項。以下筆者將用一篇GRE閱讀文章來(lái)剖析ETS 編制選項的規則，希望對廣大的GRE考生有所裨益。

　　通過(guò)對GRE閱讀的深入分析不難發(fā)現ETS使用了以下原則來(lái)編制選項：

　　1. 正確選項：

　　(1)同義變換 。即將原文中的某一句話(huà)用另一種說(shuō)法表達，也就是英文中的paraphrase。如將文章中的"many wind-pollinated species fail to release pollen when wind speeds are low or when humid conditions prevail.”換成選項中的“Pollen is sometimes not released by plants when there is little wind"。

　　其中包括三種類(lèi)型：變換同義詞，變換句型，變化同根詞的詞性。以下分別論述，請注意表格中的斜體字。

　　2.錯誤選項：

　　對于GRE閱讀文章中更大量的錯誤選項，ETS也形成了一套固定的規則。以下筆者就用實(shí)例來(lái)說(shuō)明錯誤選項編制的規則：

　　(1)混偏反無(wú)。

　　1)混: 此類(lèi)選項的錯誤可以形象地概括為：“張冠李戴”。 如下例：

　　文章："...unlike large businesses, they often need to make substantial investments in new plants, staff, equipment, and the like in order to perform work subcontracted to them. If, thereafter, their subcontracts are for some reason reduced, such firms can face potentially crippling fixed expenses"

　　題目：The passage suggests that the failure of a large business to have its bids for subcontracts result quickly in orders might cause it to

　　(A) experience frustration but not serious financial harm

　　(B) face potentially crippling fixed expenses (本題問(wèn)大公司如果沒(méi)有使投標轉化為訂單將引起什么結果。而這恰恰是小公司的特點(diǎn)。)

　　(C) have to record its efforts on forms filed with the government

　　(D) increase its spending with minority subcontractors

　　(E) revise its procedure for making bids for federal contracts and subcontracts

　　2)偏： 意即選項中所包含的邏輯范疇與原文不符。包括”以偏概全“ 以及”以全概偏”。請看下文：

　　Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a Black community. But Marshall extended the analysis of Black female characters begun by Hurston and Brooks by depicting her heroine’s development in terms of the relationship between her Barbadian American parents, and by exploring how male and female roles were defined by their immigrant culture, which in turn was influenced by the materialism of White America. By placing characters within a wider cultural context, Marshall attacked racial and sexual stereotypes and paved the way for explorations of race, class, and gender in the novels of the 1970’s.

　　題目：The passage is primarily concerned with

　　(A) comparing the works of three Black American authors

　　(B) describing common themes in Black American literature

　　(C) discussing an important work in Black American literature

　　(D) providing insights about Black American literature in the early twentieth century

　　(E) providing historical information about the writing of Black American novels in the second half the twentieth century

　　分析：此文描述并評價(jià)了美國黑人文學(xué)史上一部?jì)?yōu)秀的著(zhù)作。而其中的D，E選項中的“Black American literature”以及“the writing of Black American novels”無(wú)疑擴大了原文的邏輯涵蓋的范圍，即屬于“以全概偏”。于是不予選擇。

　　3)反： 即選項中的內容與文章內容相反。

　　文章：“....Paule Marshall’s Brown Girl, Brownstones (1959) was a landmark in the depiction of female characters in Black American literature. Marshall avoided the oppressed and tragic heroine in conflict with White society that had been typical of the protest novels of the early twentieth century. Like her immediate predecessors, Zora Neale Hurston and Gwendolyn Brooks, she focused her novel on an ordinary Black woman’s search for identity within the context of a black community......”

　　題目：

　　According to the passage, Hurston, Brooks, and Marshall are alike in that they

　　(A) did not examine the effects of White culture on their characters’ lives

　　(B) were heavily influenced by the protest novels of the early twentieth century

　　(C) used Black communities as the settings for their novels

　　(D) wrote primarily about the difficulties their characters encountered in White culture

　　(E) wrote exclusively about female characters and the experiences of women

　　分析：從文章中得知：“馬歇爾已經(jīng)擺脫了抗議小說(shuō)所一貫描繪的受壓迫并且帶有悲劇色彩的女主人公形象”。但是B選項卻說(shuō)道：“馬歇爾深深地受到二十世紀早期抗議小說(shuō)的影響”，明顯與原文意思相反。