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英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)八練習閱讀測試題及答案
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A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-proud American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.
Accountability isn’t hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.
Of the many values that hold civilization together -- honesty, kindness, and so on -- accountability may be the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no law -- and, ultimately, no society.
My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on people’s behavior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.
Fortunately there are still communities -- smaller towns, usually -- where schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not tolerated -- they simply are not done!”
Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has none. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.
The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift in attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, it’s the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didn’t teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral guidance, by the parents who didn’t provide a stable home.
I don’t believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibility for anything.
We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.
習題
1. What the wise man said suggests that ________.
[A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
[B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
[C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil
[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime, ________.
[A] society is to be held responsible
[B] modern civilization is responsible for it
[C] the criminal himself should bear the blame
[D] the standards of living should be improved
3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have ________.
[A] less self-discipline
[B] better sense of discipline
[C] more mutual respect
[D] less effective government
4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that ________.
[A] people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
[B] people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
[C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
[D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
5. The key point of the passage is that ________.
[A] stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
[B] more good examples should be set for people to follow
[C] more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior
[D] more people should accept the value of accountability
全文翻譯
一位智者曾說(shuō)過(guò)，邪惡的勝利就是善良之人無(wú)所作為。所以，所為一名警察，我有一些話(huà)急需告訴善良的人們。
日復一日，我和我的同事盡力控制犯罪的蔓延。我們曾經(jīng)引以為榮的美國生活方式出現了可怕的問(wèn)題。這個(gè)問(wèn)題處在我們的價(jià)值觀(guān)方面。一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的成分正在消失，我想，我知道它是什么——責任感。
責任感不難定義。它指的是人人要對其行為負責，并承擔其行為造成的后果。
責任感可能是形成文明的眾多觀(guān)價(jià)值觀(guān) (善良，仁慈等)中最重要的一個(gè)。沒(méi)有它，就沒(méi)有尊重、信任、法律——最終也就沒(méi)有社會(huì )的存在。
作為一名警察，我的工作就是把責任感強行加到那些拒絕承擔、或自己沒(méi)有學(xué)會(huì )承擔責任的人身上。但正如每一位警察都知道的，對人行為的外部控制遠不如自我約束(如罪惡感，羞恥心和難為情)有效。
幸運的是，在一些區域——通常是小城鎮里，學(xué)校還維護紀律，父母還堅持原則，稱(chēng)“有些事情在我們家是不能容忍的——你們絕不能去那樣做!”
但在越來(lái)越多的地方，尤其是大城市和郊區，這些自我約束力日漸松懈。搶劫犯不再是你認為的搶劫犯。他認為你的財產(chǎn)就是他的財產(chǎn);他拿走他想要的一切，當你觸怒他時(shí)，他甚至會(huì )拿走你的生命。
人們態(tài)度的根本變化造成了局面的完全崩潰。30年前，若有罪行發(fā)生，人們認為受害者是社會(huì )�，F在，人們的態(tài)度發(fā)生了驚人的變化：最犯被認為是受害者——童年飽受貧困折磨，學(xué)校沒(méi)有教他讀書(shū)，教堂沒(méi)有給他以道德上的引導，父母沒(méi)有給他提供一個(gè)安定的家。
我不相信這些。同樣不利的環(huán)境中長(cháng)大的另外一些人為什么沒(méi)有選擇去犯罪?不讓罪犯承擔責任，甚至降低他們應承的責任，都會(huì )讓我們的社會(huì )變成一個(gè)滿(mǎn)是借口的社會(huì )，沒(méi)有人愿意為任何事情承擔責任。
美國急待更多的人相信：應該為犯罪行為負責的人是罪犯自己
重點(diǎn)句
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
該句意義：
該句首先引用名言，借用權威之口，引出了話(huà)題，并且結合作者的身份引出了下文內容。我們也可以根據此句，結合考研寫(xiě)作的題目改寫(xiě)為：
A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for good men to do nothing. So, as a student, I have some urgent things to say to good people.
習題答案
答案:BCAAD
1. What the wise man said suggests that_____.
1. 智者的話(huà)表明_________。
[A] it’s unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil
[A] 面對邪惡，好人什么都不必做
[B] it’s certain that evil will prevail if good men do nothing about it
[B] 若好人無(wú)動(dòng)于衷，邪惡就會(huì )猖獗
[C] it’s only natural for virtue to defeat evil
[C] 善自然會(huì )戰勝惡
[D] it’s desirable for good men to keep away from evil
[D] 好人應該遠離邪惡
2. According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_____________.
2. 作者認為，若有人被發(fā)現有罪，則__________.
[A] society is to be held responsible
[A] 社會(huì )應該對此負責
[B] modern civilization is responsible for it
[B] 現代文明應該對此負責
[C] the criminal himself should bear the blame
[C] 罪犯本人應該為此負責
[D] the standards of living should be improved
[D] 生活水平應該提高
3. Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have________.
3. 和小城鎮相比，大城市的人________。
[A] less self-discipline
[A] 缺少自我約束
[B] better sense of discipline
[B] 有更好的自律精神
[C] more mutual respect
[C] 更互相尊重
[D] less effective government
[D] 缺少一個(gè)有效的ZF
4. The writer is sorry to have noticed that_______.
4.作者感到遺憾是因為看到_____________。
[A] people in large cities tend to excuse criminals
[A]大城市的`人常常為罪犯找借口
[B] people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards
[B]小城鎮的人堅守老的紀律和標準
[C] today’s society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty
[C]現代社會(huì )缺少對于困境中的人的同情
[D] people in disadvantaged circumstances are engaged in criminal activities
[D]環(huán)境不好的人會(huì )進(jìn)行犯罪活動(dòng)
5. The key point of the passage is that______.
5. 文章主要說(shuō)明_____________。
[A] stricter discipline should be maintained in schools and families
[A] 學(xué)校和家庭中應該保持更嚴格的紀律
[B] more good examples should be set for people to follow
[B] 應該為人們樹(shù)立更多學(xué)習榜樣
[C] more restrictions should be imposed on people’s behavior
[C] 對人們的行為應該加以更多控制
[D] more people should accept the value of accountability
[D] 更多人應該接受“責任感”這一價(jià)值觀(guān)
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