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全國職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛生A類(lèi)強化訓練
The good seaman is known in bad weather.以下是小編為大家搜索整理的全國職稱(chēng)英語(yǔ)衛生A類(lèi)強化訓練，希望能給大家帶來(lái)幫助!更多精彩內容請及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
1、在你生活的某個(gè)時(shí)刻，幾乎必定需要做某種有影響力的公開(kāi)演講。當這個(gè)時(shí)刻來(lái)到時(shí)，你希望自己十分有把握。但是，即便你從未發(fā)表過(guò)一個(gè)演講，你仍然 會(huì )從學(xué)習公共演說(shuō)中獲益良多。你的演講課將會(huì )在研究主題、組織思路、和表現技巧方面對你進(jìn)行訓練。這種訓練對任何類(lèi)型的交流都是非常寶貴的。
1. The need for effective public speaking will almost certainly touch you sometime in your life. When itdoes, you want to be ready. But even if you never give another speech in your life, you still have much to gain from studying public speaking. Your speech class will give you training in researching topics, organizing your ideas, and presenting yourself skillfully. The training is invaluable for every type of communication.
2、在公開(kāi)演講和日常交談之間有許多類(lèi)似的東西。演說(shuō)的三個(gè)主要目的是：傳達、說(shuō)服、吸引，這些也是日常交談的 三個(gè)主要目的。在交談中，你已經(jīng)不假思索地使用很多技巧。你有條理地組織你的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，你根據聽(tīng)眾修改信息。你選擇講述某個(gè)故事以取得最大的效果。你從聽(tīng)眾的 反饋中改變自己。這些是你在公開(kāi)演講時(shí)所需要的最重要的技巧。
2. There are many similarities between public speaking and daily conversation. The three major goals of speaking-to inform, to persuade, to entertain-are also the three major goals of everyday conversation. In conversation, almost without thinking about it, you employ a wide range of skills. You organize your ideas logically. You tailor your message to your audience. You tell a story for maximum impact. You adapt to feedback from your listener. These are among the most important skills you will need for public speaking.
3、當然，公開(kāi)演說(shuō)不同于交談。首先，公開(kāi)演講比交談要有更高的組織結構性。公開(kāi)演說(shuō)者通常受?chē)栏竦臅r(shí)間限制，故此它需要比普通交談更細致的準備。其次， 公開(kāi)演說(shuō)需要使用正式語(yǔ)言。聽(tīng)眾對充滿(mǎn)俚語(yǔ)、行話(huà)、和語(yǔ)法錯誤的講話(huà)反應消極。第三，公開(kāi)演說(shuō)需要用一種不同聲調和姿勢。有影響力的演說(shuō)者調整他的聲調去 面對大量的觀(guān)眾，力求避免分散人注意力的身體習慣動(dòng)作，力求避免習慣性口頭語(yǔ)。
3. Of course, public speaking is also different from conversation. First, public speaking is more highly structured than conversation. It usually imposes strict time limitations on the speaker, and it requires more detailed preparation than dose ordinary conversation. Second, speechmaking requires more formal language. Listeners react negatively to speeches loaded with slang, jargon, and bad grammar. Third, public speaking demands a different method of delivery. Effective speakers adjust their voices to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerism and verbal habits.
4、在任何一個(gè)演講教室里，學(xué)生最主要的擔心之一就是怕上臺。事實(shí)上，最成功的演說(shuō)家在發(fā)表一場(chǎng)演講之 前也會(huì )緊張。你的演講教室將給你一個(gè)獲得信心的機會(huì )，讓你的緊張的神經(jīng)幫助你而不是阻礙你。如果你能這樣積極地考慮，你將會(huì )朝著(zhù)戰勝怯場(chǎng)的方向邁進(jìn)一大 步：選擇你真正關(guān)心的演講主題，充分地準備，集中精力與你的聽(tīng)眾溝通。如同過(guò)去的許多同學(xué)一樣，你同樣能夠在你的演講能力上提高信心。
4. One of the major concerns of students in any speech class is stage fright. Actually, most successful speakers are nervous before making a speech. Your speech class will give you an opportunity to gain confidence and make your nervousness work for you rather than against you. You will take a big step toward overcoming stage fright if you think positively, choose speech topics you really care about, prepare thoroughly, and concentrate on communicating with your audience. Like many students over the years, you too can develop confidence in your speechmaking abilities.
5、語(yǔ)言交流的過(guò)程，整體而言包括七個(gè)要素：演說(shuō)者、信息、溝通途徑、聽(tīng)眾、反饋、外界干 擾、和現場(chǎng)形態(tài)。演說(shuō)者是演講事件的開(kāi)始者。演說(shuō)者傳遞的是信息，它必經(jīng)某種特定溝通途徑傳送出去。聽(tīng)眾接受傳達到的信息，并且向演說(shuō)者提供反饋。外界干 擾是妨礙信息溝通的任何事物，而現場(chǎng)形態(tài)是演說(shuō)發(fā)生的時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)。這七個(gè)要素的相互作用決定任何情況下演說(shuō)交流的效果。
5. The speech communication process as a whole includes seven elements-speaker, message, channel, listener, feedback, interference, and situation. The speaker is the person who initiates a speech transaction. Whatever the speaker communicates is the message, which is sent by means of a particular channel. The listener receives the communicated message and may provide feedback to the speaker. Interference is anything that impedes the communication of a message, and the situation is the time and place in which speech communication occurs. The interaction of these seven elements is what determines the outcome in any instance of speech communication.
6、因為演講是力量的一種表現形態(tài)，它承載著(zhù)很重的道德責任。有道德的演說(shuō)者用聲音的方式去實(shí)現聲音的目的。他們通過(guò)很好闡述他們的主題、通過(guò)誠實(shí)于他們所說(shuō)的話(huà)、通過(guò)使用可靠的論據、以及通過(guò)正確的評論做這件事。
6. Because speechmaking is a form of power, it carries with it heavy ethical responsibilities. Ethical speakers use sound means to achieve sound goals. They do this by being well informed about their subjects by being honest in what they say, by using sound evidence, and by employing valid reasoning.
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