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2016年雅思寫(xiě)作煉詞四大攻略
在以應試教育為體系的中國傳統教學(xué)下,大部分中國學(xué)生的詞匯語(yǔ)法功底是比較扎實(shí)的。所以,很多人會(huì )理所當然地認為雅思的詞匯評分lexical resource項里面,中國學(xué)生占了絕對的優(yōu)勢。但是BC卻明確告訴廣大雅思烤鴨們,在四項評分標準里面,LR的的得分并不那么樂(lè )觀(guān),這也是造成寫(xiě)作一直難拿高分的原因。雅思寫(xiě)作對于詞匯的得分要求簡(jiǎn)單概括起來(lái)無(wú)疑是兩個(gè)要求:一是用詞非單一,二是用詞非低級。

大部分中國烤鴨在準備雅思寫(xiě)作詞匯部分的時(shí)候無(wú)疑會(huì )遇見(jiàn)兩個(gè)問(wèn)題:一是背了很多單詞用不出來(lái),二是如何用詞會(huì )得分。在本文中,朗閣海外考試研究中心的專(zhuān)家將從四個(gè)步驟來(lái)分析雅思寫(xiě)作詞匯部分的應用方式,為廣大烤鴨們解決這一難題。
1. 常用詞或短語(yǔ)的高分替換
整個(gè)雅思考試的主線(xiàn)很大程度上都是圍繞詞匯的替換來(lái)進(jìn)行的,聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)四門(mén)科目都有涉獵到這個(gè)要求。那么如何做到詞匯的不重復呢,積累一些高頻的替換詞以及詞組是考生在備考過(guò)程中的一個(gè)必經(jīng)之路。我們可以先看看雅思寫(xiě)作范文里面的一段話(huà):
In modern society, juvenile delinquency has been soaring in some major cities, the main reason for which, I suppose, is that teenagers nowadays are very likely to be spoiled by their parents. Besides, young people frequently exposed to violence in the mass media are more likely to commit a crime. Finally, the impact from their peers cannot be ignored since youngsters have not developed a sound system of judging what is right and what is wrong.
在論述青少年犯罪的這道題目中,劃線(xiàn)部分對青少年的同義詞轉換就用了四次,來(lái)做到詞匯盡量避免重復的要求。我們還可以通過(guò)以下幾個(gè)例子來(lái)熟悉這個(gè)方法:
Eg1: Many companies nowadays use modern communication technology to hold meetings. 在這句話(huà)中,劃線(xiàn)部分use我們就可以用詞組take advantage of來(lái)達到替換的效果。
Eg2: When making a decision, people will consider many factors.
同樣地,看到consider這個(gè)詞,馬上可以想到take into account/consideration的替換結構。
Eg3: The government should try to make public transportation better.
The authorities are supposed to make great efforts to improve public transportation. 這句話(huà)中的替換結構就比較多,從government到authorities, 從should到be supposed to, 從try to do到make great efforts to, 最后從make sth better到improve的替換,都是一些常用的替換結構。
Eg4: Poor students in countryside cannot get good education.
Impoverished students in rural areas cannot afford a decent education.
這個(gè)句子中也對poor, countryside, get, good進(jìn)行了同義詞的轉換。所以說(shuō),如何做到減少重復性,積累一些基本的替換結構是非常必要的,不僅潤色語(yǔ)言,而且詞匯也不會(huì )顯得太單一。
2. 精彩合成詞
雅思寫(xiě)作中的合成詞功力非常大,不僅是考試的一個(gè)加分亮點(diǎn),也可使語(yǔ)言表達更加言簡(jiǎn)意賅。所以,積累一些合成詞也是詞匯得分的一大法寶。比如我們在表達playing computers is a waste of time的時(shí)候,浪費時(shí)間這個(gè)詞就可以用time-consuming這個(gè)合成詞來(lái)表達。同樣地,在環(huán)境類(lèi)考題中,如果想表示節約能源,簡(jiǎn)單地可以用save energy來(lái)表達,如果換成合成詞,用energy-saving效果更佳,在此基礎上,把節約的save換成conserve就更完美了,節約能源就可以表達為energy-conserving。常見(jiàn)的合成詞還有以下幾個(gè):
densely-populated region 人口密集的地區
long-term effect 長(cháng)期影響
exam-oriented education 應試教育
cross-culture communication 跨文化交流
這樣的合成詞在考試里面的應用還有很多,烤鴨們應做好平時(shí)各個(gè)話(huà)題的積累工作。
3. 副詞的妙用
副詞的妙用使得含義表達得準確而精煉。使用副詞可以讓表達不會(huì )太中文化。我們先看以下幾個(gè)例句中的副詞使用:
Eg1: Taking physical exercise is beneficial for our physical and mental health.
Taking physical exercise is physically and mentally beneficial for health.
Eg2: The popularization of cross-nation tourism can improve the economy.
The popularization of cross-nation tourism can be economically beneficial.
Eg3: Using fertilizer is unfit for the preservation of ecological environment.
Using fertilizer is ecologically unfit for the preservation of environment.
Eg4: Governments should give financial support to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.
Governments should be financially supportive to those kids from a poverty-stricken family.
通過(guò)對比以上劃線(xiàn)部分,可以看出,使用副詞不僅可以避免一定程度上的重復,也可以讓語(yǔ)言更加地道,基本技巧就是將句子的名詞變成動(dòng)詞或者形容詞,來(lái)達到被副詞修飾的效果。還值得注意的是在副詞的使用過(guò)程中,少用very, 多用準確的搭配。例如:
Eg1: The shipping container transformed ocean shipping into a highly efficient, intensively competitive business.
Eg2: They still heavily rely on nature to provide food and clothing.
4. 詞性轉換
在雅思寫(xiě)作中,通過(guò)詞性轉變來(lái)更加靈活地表達常常能達到意想不到的結果。這在小作文中十分常見(jiàn),如peak at(達到最高點(diǎn)),bottom out at(達到最低點(diǎn)),level off(保持水平),skyrocket(急劇上升)等。例如:
Eg1: Taking an unpaid work enables young people to adapt to the society better.
Taking an unpaid work can strengthen young people’s adaptability.
Eg2: Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also make individuals more accountable.
Interactions between team members can not only improve interpersonal skills but also cultivate individual accountability.
詞性轉換一般是名詞和動(dòng)詞的互換、形容詞和副詞的互換比較多,也是讓單詞更豐富的有效方法之一。
總之,詞匯部分是雅思作文得高分的重要部分,考生們在積累詞匯之后更重要的是學(xué)會(huì )如何精準的應用。注意語(yǔ)境和考點(diǎn)的差異,切忌詞匯的濫用和誤用。
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