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英語(yǔ)四級改錯題考點(diǎn):謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞指在句子中充當謂語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞,有行為動(dòng)詞,系動(dòng)詞,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞等幾種,其中行為動(dòng)詞又包括及物動(dòng)詞和不及物動(dòng)詞。 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞相對應的概念.兩者都是動(dòng)詞,但是前者是作謂語(yǔ)成分,后者不能作謂語(yǔ)成分.而謂語(yǔ)成分就是用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的,一般由動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞承擔.

一、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的主謂一致
、、主謂分割原則
例1:To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle,
A
America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.
B C D
分析:C錯,應改為symbolizes。主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)用逗號分割開(kāi),主語(yǔ)the bald eagle為單數,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應該用單數形式。
、、與后者一致原則
not…but, 強調but后面的名詞,
not only…but also
、、與前者一致原則
名詞+with/together with/as well as/including+復數名詞,謂語(yǔ)用is,
中心詞在前面,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應該與前面的名詞保持一致
例:The athlete, together with his coach and
A B C
several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.
D
分析:D錯,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與the athlete 保持一致,改為is
、、就近原則
or, either…or, neither…nor,
單數名詞+or+復數名詞+are
如果把句子變?yōu)橐话阋蓡?wèn)句,也就是把be動(dòng)詞提到前面,那么變?yōu)閕s
所以注意一點(diǎn): 如果是陳述句,靠后面近,用復數
如果是疑問(wèn)句,靠前面近,用單數
例:The structure or behavior of many protozoans are
A B
amazingly complex for single-celled animals.
C D
分析:A錯,應改為and。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復數形式判斷,主語(yǔ)應該為復數,or連接兩個(gè)名詞時(shí)動(dòng)詞和后面的名詞保持一致,behavior是用單數形式,因此只有改為并列連詞and才能使主謂在數上保持一致。
、荻ㄕZ(yǔ)從句主語(yǔ)就近原則
There are five apples that are red.
apples是復數,因此從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是復數。
例:A rocket burns propellant rapidly and most rockets
A
carry a supply that last just a few seconds.
B C D
分析:D錯,應改為lasts。從句的邏輯主語(yǔ)a supply為單數,其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應為單數形式。
、辴he +形容詞主謂一致
The rich are not always happier than the poor.
The rich 表示一類(lèi)人,應該用復數
、、倒裝句的主謂一致
改錯題倒裝句的主謂一致一般考兩種情況:
a. there be 句型
there be+名詞+名詞,那么最近的名詞決定其形式
b. between/ among 放在句首+be+名詞,名詞其實(shí)是主語(yǔ),所以be和名詞保持一致
例:There are no known society in which left-handed people predominate.
A B C D
分析:there be 句型由最近的名詞決定其形式,society當然用單數,A錯,there are 改為there is
例:Between the foothills of the Andes and the Pacific
A B
Ocean are a dry coastal strip averaging about 30
C
miles in width.
D
分析:倒裝句,are改為is
例:Among the favorite attractions at the National Air and
A B C
Space Museum in Washington D.C. are the film
D
presented on the five-story-tall screen.
分析:D錯,應改為films , 主語(yǔ)實(shí)際上是名詞,應該與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞保持一致。
、、百分比結構的主謂一致
fifty percent of + 名詞
one percent of + 名詞
謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式和百分比多少沒(méi)有關(guān)系,主要取決于后面的名詞,比如:
one percent of my students + are
fifty percent of my time is spent on working.
這里要強調兩個(gè)結構
half of =fifty percent
most of + 可數名詞 + are
most of + 不可數名詞+ is
例:Nearly half of the ancient meteor craters has been
A B C
found in central and eastern Canada.
D
分析:C錯,應改為have been。介詞of的賓語(yǔ)為復數名詞短語(yǔ),作主語(yǔ)的中心詞half當然表復數,相應的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應為復數形式。
例:Approximately fifty percent of the package utilized
A B
in the United States are for foods and beverages.
C D
分析:A錯,應改為packages。從謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復數形式判斷出主語(yǔ)是復數名詞。注意food用復數表示不同種類(lèi)的食品,beverage用復數表示不同種類(lèi)的飲料,故(C)、(D)均沒(méi)有錯
二、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)
、、主要考察時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)
例 The metal aluminum has been first isolated early in the nineteenth century.
A B C D
分析:Metal, aluminum同位語(yǔ),in the nineteenth century為明顯表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ), 因此應該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài),把has been改為was
、、For和since的區別
區別一:For 后面使用時(shí)間段,since 后面使用時(shí)間點(diǎn)
區別二:Since 只能用在現在完成時(shí)態(tài),For 最主要用在現在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)
I has been a teacher for three years.
I has been a teacher since 1996.
I was a teacher for three years. 這種表達可以,for three years表示一段時(shí)間,was 表示過(guò)去做了三年,現在不是老師了
例: Since 1921 the budget of the United States became
A B
the primary responsibility of the president.
C D
分析:A錯,應改 In. since一般要求主句用完成時(shí)態(tài),而句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為過(guò)去式,其時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)應與之呼應,故改Since為In。
例:Adella Prentiss Hrghes served as manager of
A B C
the Cleveland Orchestra since fifteen years.
D
分析:D錯,應改為for。since引導時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí),主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般完成時(shí);主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般過(guò)去時(shí)要用介詞for;而且一段時(shí)間用for, 而不是since。
52. In general, prawns lived in shallow coastal waters or in streams.
A B C D
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