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17年英語(yǔ)六級閱讀提分訓練試題及答案
A bird is known by its note, and a man by his talk.以下是小編為大家搜索整理的17年英語(yǔ)六級閱讀提分訓練試題及答案，希望能給大家帶來(lái)幫助!更多精彩內容請及時(shí)關(guān)注我們應屆畢業(yè)生考試網(wǎng)!
American schoolchildren occasionally present an apple to the teacher. Obviously the custom contains an element of bribery 1 — you offer sweet fruit to authority figures to “sweeten” 2 their disposition 3. In school children's case, the apple is offered to make their grades more favorable. Therefore, the apple has more or less acquired a corrosive4 reputation and maybe for this reason, in slang English “to applepolish” means“to flatter or fawn” and an applepolisher is a flatterer.
But the custom might also be explained as a fair payment for the teacher's instruction. In the early days of public education, school teachers were not always salaried. Often they would be paid in goods and services, offered by either the school, or the pupils or the parents. . .. Therefore, the occasional gift of an apple for the teacher in today's classroom should be a welcome reminder of the era when education was one -to-one and when teaching meant enlightening the students rather than identifying their rankings.
Caps and Gowns
For students, the most exciting moment may be the graduation ceremony 5: parents, relatives and friends are invited to the ceremony; all the graduates are wearing black square flat caps and gowns. They all await the president to announce in the end,“Now, please move your tassels from right to left. ”
The caps and gowns worn by high school and college graduates today are survivors of the everyday dress worn by members of the academic community in medieval Europe. The majority of scholars in the Middle Ages6 were churchmen, or soon to become so, and their dress was often strictly regulated by the universities where they taught and studied. The standard clerical dress throughout Europe was the long black cope. The original preference for black was changed in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, as such colors as red, violet and purple came into fashion; but by the Renaissance black was back, as the color black symbolized simple and plain, or austere way of life in the sixteenth century. With few exceptions, modern universities keep that ceremonial austerity.
The origin of the square flat cap, or mortarboard7 , is obscure, though it probably derives from the medieval biretta . Such a tufted square cap is considered the badge of the 024 mastership , and is later adopted by undergraduates and schoolboys. The term mortarboard does not appear in English until the 1850 s. The tassel that graduates transfer from one side to another as a signal of their elevation is an outgrowth of the medieval tuft. The tuft still appears on the modern biretta, worn by bishops throughout the Church of Rome .
閱讀自測
�、�. True o r false :
1. Nowadays, American pupils always offer an apple to the teacher in order to get a better grade.
2. In the early days of public education, schoolteachers were paid in money.
3. In America, the caps and gowns are only adopted by college graduates during graduation ceremonies.
4. Before the Renaissance, the standard clerical dress was black.
5. The biretta was considered the mark of scholarship.
6. That the graduates move the tassel from one side to the other is a signal of elevation.
�、�. Questions :
1. According to the passage, when you say somebody is an apple polisher, what do you really mean by saying that?
2. For students, when is the most exciting moment?
3. After graduation, which side should you put your tassel, right or left?
參考答案 :
�、�. 1. T 2. F 3 . F 4 . F 5. T 6. T
�、�. 1. It really means that he is flattering or fawning some figures.
2. For students, the most exciting moment is the graduation ceremony, especially the moment when the president makes the announcement.
3. After graduation, the tassel should be put to the left side.
參考譯文
校園記趣
獻給老師的蘋(píng)果
美國的學(xué)童經(jīng)常會(huì )送蘋(píng)果給老師。很明顯, 這個(gè)習慣做法有點(diǎn)的意味——— 給當權 者一些甜頭來(lái)軟化他們的態(tài)度。對學(xué)童來(lái)說(shuō), 他們送老師蘋(píng)果只是為了得到更令人滿(mǎn)意的 成績(jì)。為此, 蘋(píng)果的榮譽(yù)多少受到些損害, 而且可能就是這個(gè)緣故, 英語(yǔ)俚語(yǔ)“to applepolish”的意思就是“ 阿諛?lè )畛? 溜須拍馬”, 而“ applepolisher”則指“ 馬屁精”。 這一習慣做法同樣可以看作是對老師授課的一種合理報答。公立教育早期, 學(xué)校教師 并不總是拿薪水的。通常情況下, 他們得到的報酬是學(xué)校、學(xué)生或學(xué)生家長(cháng)提供的實(shí)物或服務(wù)。因此, 在今天的教室里時(shí)常出現的送老師蘋(píng)果的現象應該算是對那個(gè)年代的一種 美好回憶。那時(shí)的教育是一對一式的, 而且那時(shí)的教學(xué)是為了使學(xué)生受到教育, 而不是為 了區分他們的社會(huì )地位。
學(xué)士帽與學(xué)士服
對學(xué)生而言, 最激動(dòng)人心的時(shí)刻莫過(guò)于畢業(yè)典禮。父母及親朋好友都被邀請來(lái)參加典 禮。所有的畢業(yè)生都頭戴黑色的方平帽, 身穿黑長(cháng)袍。他們等待著(zhù)校長(cháng)在最后一刻宣布: “ 現在, 請將你的流蘇從右邊移到左邊�！� 今天的高中生和大學(xué)生戴的學(xué)士帽, 穿的學(xué)士服是由中世紀歐洲學(xué)院里學(xué)者們的日常 著(zhù)裝演變而來(lái)的。中世紀時(shí), 大多數的學(xué)者要么是牧師, 要么將要成為牧師; 他們的著(zhù)裝經(jīng) 常受到他們任教或學(xué)習的大學(xué)的嚴格控制。在整個(gè)歐洲, 標準的牧師服都是黑色的長(cháng)袍。 13 和14 世紀的時(shí)候, 人們最初偏愛(ài)黑色的狀況得到了改變, 諸如紅色、紫羅蘭色和紫色這 樣的顏色開(kāi)始流行起來(lái)。但是到了文藝復興時(shí)期, 黑色又流行回來(lái), 因為黑色代表了簡(jiǎn)約 樸素和16 世紀嚴謹的苦修方式�，F代大學(xué)都少有例外地保留了那種肅穆簡(jiǎn)樸的儀式。方平帽或者學(xué)士帽的起源不甚了了, 不過(guò)這很可能是從中世紀的法冠演變而來(lái)。這種 植絨的方帽被看作是學(xué)位的象征, 后來(lái)被大學(xué)本科生和高中生采用。學(xué)士帽這個(gè)術(shù)語(yǔ)直到 19 世紀50 年代才傳到英國。畢業(yè)生們將其從一邊移到另一邊, 作為一種晉級標志的流蘇 其實(shí)是中世紀時(shí)的帽穗的派生�，F代羅馬教會(huì )的大主教們戴的法冠上仍保留著(zhù)這種穗子。
閱讀導釋
1. 這是動(dòng)詞bribe 的名詞形式, 以前學(xué)過(guò)embezzle 這個(gè)詞, embezzle 多指“盜用, 挪用( 公款) , 侵吞( 財物) ”。
2 - 3. sweeten 是形容詞sweet 加- en 轉變來(lái)的動(dòng)詞, 意思是“( 通過(guò)贈送禮物, 籠絡(luò )感情等) 使親和, 使軟化”。它可作“ 使干凈, 使純凈”解, 如在莎士比亞的名劇《麥克白》中, 麥克 白夫人殺了國王之后, 夢(mèng)游中去洗手上的血跡時(shí), 有一句很有名的獨白:“All the perfumes of Arabia will not sweeten this little hand. ”意思就是“ 縱使用所有阿拉伯的香水, 也無(wú)法洗 干凈這只小手�！眃isposition 這里是“性情, 性格, 態(tài)度傾向”的意思。
4. 這個(gè)詞是“ 腐蝕的, 有害的, 損害的”的意思。
5. 畢業(yè)典禮。ceremony 一詞多指“ 莊嚴的宗教或其他慶典中具有特殊形式及程序的禮 儀”, 如: the ceremony of launching a ship ( 船舶下水典禮) ; perform the opening / closing ceremony ( 舉行開(kāi)幕/閉幕式) 。司儀的專(zhuān)有名詞M. C. 即Master of Ceremony 的縮寫(xiě)。
6. Middle Ages, 中世紀, 歐洲歷史上從5 世紀羅馬文明瓦解直至文藝復興的這段時(shí)期。中 世紀這一名稱(chēng)及其傳統含義來(lái)自于意大利人文主義者的別有用心: 他們意欲復興古典學(xué) 術(shù)與文化, 而一個(gè)長(cháng)達千年的愚昧黑暗時(shí)代將他們與古代的希臘羅馬世界分隔開(kāi)來(lái)。中 世紀時(shí), 歐洲幾乎沒(méi)出現過(guò)任何大的王國或其他能夠提供穩定局面的政治結構。唯一能 夠提供社會(huì )團結基礎的力量是羅馬天主教會(huì )。教皇不僅負責宗教事務(wù), 很多時(shí)候還插手 世俗事務(wù), 教會(huì )還擁有城市和軍隊, 管理國家事務(wù)。因此, 中世紀呈現出一個(gè)試圖在宗教 基礎上對自身進(jìn)行政治結構建設的社會(huì )。
7. 這里特指“ 學(xué)士帽、學(xué)位帽”。下文出現的biretta 則是特指“( 天主教等神職人員戴的) 四 角帽———法冠”。
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