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2016年12月英語(yǔ)六級考試閱讀選詞填空試題
選詞填空出現在大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級考試深度閱讀(reading indepth)的第一部分.由一篇250—30o詞的短文和15個(gè)選項構成 題目要求從給出的l5個(gè)詞中選擇l0個(gè)填入短文的空格中。以下是yjbys網(wǎng)小編整理的關(guān)于英語(yǔ)六級考試閱讀選詞填空試題，供大家練習備考。
Section A
Directions: In this section, there is apassage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blankfrom a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read thepassage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bankis identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each itemon Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any ofthe words in the bank more than once.
A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria
FOR half a century, the (1) of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.
Moore's law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space (2) every 18 months.
The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.
Yet as (3) get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.
On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.
Happily for those that lack Intel's resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature,
who has been building tiny (4), in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.
A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the (5).
In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,
similar to those employed to store information in disk drives.
The researchers took their (6) from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.
Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to (7) this protein in bulk.
Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.
Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.
The other half were left untreated as controls.
They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated (8) of iron salts.
After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.
Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.
In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised.
Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.
For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing (9).
But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.
The (10) of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.
Growing things does not need as much kit as making them.
If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.
|
A) components B) advantage |
答案及全文翻譯
答案：
1.E)essence
2.H)doubles
3.A)components
4.K)devices
5.O)technique
6.F)inspiration
7.L)manufacture
8.I)solution
9.C)standards
10.B)advantage
全文翻譯
A novel way of making computer memories, using bacteria
制造計算機存儲器的新奇方法：使用細菌
FOR half a century, the essence of progress in the computer industry has been to do more with less.
半個(gè)世紀以來(lái)，計算機產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的本質(zhì)就是花錢(qián)更少，成事更多。
Moore's law famously observes that the number of transistors which can be crammed into a given space doubles every 18 months.
摩爾定律的著(zhù)名論斷是：能夠放入某空間內的晶體管數量每18個(gè)月翻一番。
The amount of data that can be stored has grown at a similar rate.
儲存的數據也有著(zhù)類(lèi)似的增長(cháng)速率，
Yet as components get smaller, making them gets harder and more expensive.
但是隨著(zhù)部件越來(lái)越小，它們的制造難度和成本也逐漸增加。
On May 10th Paul Otellini, the boss of Intel, a big American chipmaker, put the price of a new chip factory at around $10 billion.
5月10日，美國芯片巨頭因特爾總裁兼CEOPaul Otellini宣布將花費上百億美元建設新工廠(chǎng)。
Happily for those that lack Intel's resources, there may be a cheaper option—namely to mimic Mother Nature,
對于不像因特爾那么有錢(qián)的廠(chǎng)家的好消息是，他們或許可以選擇更便宜的方式—模擬大自然。
who has been building tiny devices, in the form of living cells and their components, for billions of years, and has thus got rather good at it.
對于大自然來(lái)說(shuō)，她建造微小設備已經(jīng)有數十億年了，所以自然是信手拈來(lái)，當然，這些設備都是以活細胞和其組份的形式呈現。
A paper published in Small, a nanotechnology journal , sets out the latest example of the technique.
發(fā)表在納米技術(shù)期刊《微小》的一篇論文描述了這一新技術(shù)的示例，
In it, a group of researchers led by Sarah Staniland at the University of Leeds, in Britain, describe using naturally occurring proteins to make arrays of tiny magnets,
該技術(shù)團隊由英國利茲大學(xué)的Sarah Staniland領(lǐng)導，他們用自然生成的蛋白質(zhì)讓微型磁性材料進(jìn)行排列，
similar to those employed to store information in disk drives.
這與磁盤(pán)驅動(dòng)器上儲存信息的磁性材料排序是類(lèi)似的。
The researchers took their inspiration from Magnetospirillum magneticum, a bacterium that is sensitive to the Earth's magnetic field thanks to the presence within its cells of flecks of magnetite, a form of iron oxide.
研究人員從趨磁細菌上獲得了靈感，由于該細菌內部存在磁性顆粒，所以對地球磁場(chǎng)非常敏感。
Previous work has isolated the protein that makes these miniature compasses. Using genetic engineering, the team managed to persuade a different bacterium—Escherichia coli, a ubiquitous critter that is a workhorse of biotechnology—to manufacture this protein in bulk.
他們先要把制造這種微型羅盤(pán)的蛋白質(zhì)分離出來(lái)，并采用基因工程技術(shù)設法讓另一種細菌—大腸桿菌來(lái)批量生產(chǎn)這種蛋白質(zhì)，而大腸桿菌在生物體內普遍存在，是生物工程中的常用苦力。
Next, they imprinted a block of gold with a microscopic chessboard pattern of chemicals.
然后他們用化學(xué)方法繪制微小的棋盤(pán)圖案，
Half the squares contained anchoring points for the protein.
并把圖案的每一塊染成金黃色，
The other half were left untreated as controls.
每塊區域的一半用該蛋白質(zhì)做固定點(diǎn)，
They then dipped the gold into a solution containing the protein, allowing it to bind to the treated squares, and dunked the whole lot into a heated solution of iron salts.
另一半不做任何處理作為對照，再把這些金黃色的棋盤(pán)浸入含蛋白質(zhì)的溶液中，并允許溶液中的蛋白質(zhì)與棋盤(pán)上的固定蛋白質(zhì)結合，最后把該棋盤(pán)全部浸入加熱的鐵鹽溶液中。
After that, they examined the results with an electron microscope.
他們再用電子顯微鏡觀(guān)察實(shí)驗結果，
Sure enough, groups of magnetite grains had materialised on the treated squares, shepherded into place by the bacterial protein.
果然，棋盤(pán)上的固定蛋白質(zhì)區域產(chǎn)生了成群的磁鐵顆粒，并由細菌蛋白質(zhì)控制在相應位置。
In principle, each of these magnetic domains could store the one or the zero of a bit of information, according to how it was polarised.
基本上每個(gè)磁域都能按極化的方式存儲一個(gè)字節信息的1或0。
Getting from there to a real computer memory would be a long road.
但是要制成真正的計算機存儲器還有很長(cháng)的路要走，
For a start, the grains of magnetite are not strong enough magnets to make a useful memory, and the size of each domain is huge by modern computing standards.
首先對于可用的存儲器來(lái)說(shuō)，那些磁鐵顆粒的磁性還不夠強大，并且每個(gè)區域的尺寸對現在計算機標準來(lái)說(shuō)太大了。
But Dr Staniland reckons that, with enough tweaking, both of these objections could be dealt with.
但Staniland認為，只要做些足夠的調整，那些困難都將不是問(wèn)題。
The advantage of this approach is that it might not be so capital-intensive as building a fab.
這種方法的好處就是不用像因特爾那樣如此資源密集地去建造新工廠(chǎng)，
Growing things does not need as much kit as making them.
在制造不斷發(fā)展的產(chǎn)品時(shí)也不需要同樣多的設備，
If the tweaking could be done, therefore, the result might give the word biotechnology a whole new meaning.
所以，如果這種調整可以成功的話(huà)，生物技術(shù)將會(huì )有一個(gè)全新的定義。
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