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雅思考試寫(xiě)作技巧之英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作要訣
英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作要訣

Agreement:主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)、數上的一致,關(guān)系代詞與先行詞的一致。
Ambiguity:盡量不去使用可能引起歧義的詞語(yǔ)或句子。
Brief:文章"簡(jiǎn)為貴",要抓住要點(diǎn),簡(jiǎn)明扼要。
Coherence:文理通順,前后連貫。
Development:主題的發(fā)揮應當充分、合理、正確。
Division:詞匯、句子、段落要分配使用得當,劃分要清楚,避免使用重復字句和種子片段。
Figures:正確合理使用各類(lèi)修辭格式。
Inflated diction:不使用做作的語(yǔ)言。
Key:用適當的關(guān)鍵詞突出主題,每段都應有主題句。
Logical:內容要符合邏輯。
Message:信息要新鮮、確實(shí)、可信。
Omit:合理刪除多余的不必要部分。
Proposition:主張、觀(guān)點(diǎn)、論述要清楚肯切、合情入理。
Punctuation:正確適時(shí)使用標點(diǎn)符號。
Relevant:文章一定要要題。
Sentence pattern:句型要盡量多樣化。
Strait:開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山,直來(lái)直去。
Style:文體恰切,適合內容要求。
Tense:動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要正確、一致、變化合理。
Theme:選題得當,主題突出。
談句型的靈活運用
句子也是如此,我們提倡簡(jiǎn)煉,但不是說(shuō)都用簡(jiǎn)單句。有人認為在寫(xiě)作考試中,采用簡(jiǎn)單句、短句、容易掌握,不在會(huì )出錯,因而也最保險。這話(huà)沒(méi)有錯,但簡(jiǎn)單句用得太多,造成簡(jiǎn)單句的堆徹實(shí)際上是語(yǔ)言技巧不成熟、不老練,甚至語(yǔ)言水平低下的表現。在閱卷人員看來(lái),同樣的意思內容,一個(gè)考生能夠運用比較復雜的句子結構來(lái)表達,其語(yǔ)言水平當然要比只會(huì )用簡(jiǎn)單句來(lái)表達的考生的語(yǔ)言水平高出一截,就是有點(diǎn)錯也不妨礙他比后者取得較高的分數,因為他的難度系數要高。在某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō),在詞數相同的作文中,語(yǔ)言水平越高,語(yǔ)言技巧越熟練,句子的數目也就越少。這就意味著(zhù)句子長(cháng)了,句子結構復雜了。
當然,我們反對過(guò)多地使用簡(jiǎn)單句并不是鼓勵學(xué)生去刻意追求長(cháng)句、復雜句。我們追求的是句子結構的多變。一篇文章能根據表達的內容使用不同的句子結構,會(huì )產(chǎn)生較好的藝術(shù)效果。
例子1 The Career I Pursue的主體段:
A variety of reasons have led me to choose this occupation over other more lucrative ones. First, teaching is learning. To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world-the very thing I like to do in my life. Second, teaching means freedom. As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me. Finally, I like teaching because it offers a certain peace of mind. No more rushing to catching a morning bus, no more anxiety to please a boss, and no more worries about being laid off because you are getting old.
文中有4個(gè)詞的短句:First, teaching is learning.也有27個(gè)詞的長(cháng)句:To make my lectures more interesting, I have to read more books, explore new knowledge and gain a better understanding of the world-the very thing I like to do in my life.有簡(jiǎn)單句,也有復雜句:As a teacher, I can freely express my opinions and explain them in my own way since nobody will interfere with me;還有同位語(yǔ)句,斷裂句,排比句,比較句等,因而文章讀起來(lái)節奏感強。所謂句子變化,主要是指句子的開(kāi)頭要有變化,句子的結構要有變化,句子的長(cháng)度要有變化。不要連續使用幾個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句,要學(xué)會(huì )使用復雜句。
例子2 a) Teenagers are pressured by school work. They arealso encouraged by their peers. Under suchcircumstances, they resort to smoking. But sometimesthey feel a little guilty.
b) Pressured by school work and encouraged by theirpeers, teenagers often resort to smoking, toughthey feel a little guilty sometimes.
不要總是以有生命的名詞和人稱(chēng)代詞開(kāi)頭(受漢語(yǔ)表達習慣的影響,不少考生都喜歡以I,People,We等開(kāi)頭)。
例子3 a) Many people think birth control is quite necessaryin China.
b) It is widely/commonly thought/believed/held/acceptedthat birth control is quite necessary in China.
a) More and more people agree (realize/are aware)that women should enjoy full equality with men.
b) There is a growing agreement (realization/awareness)that women should enjoy full equality with men.
a) Many Chinese people have gone to the UnitedStates in the past 15 years.
b) The past 15 years have brought many Chinesepeople to the United States.
a) We almost forget this event.
b) This event is now almost fading from our memory.
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