大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧
技巧：名詞，指表現在文學(xué)、工藝、體育等方面的巧妙的技能。小編整理的大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧，希望大家喜歡哦!
一、記敘文的定義
記敘文也稱(chēng)敘述文，是一種以敘述的手法來(lái)呈現人物活動(dòng)及事件過(guò)程的體裁。故事、游記、通訊、新聞報道(消息)、歷史、 人物傳記、日記和回憶錄等都屬于記敘文的范疇。記敘文大致可以分為以記人為主的記敘文和以敘事為主的記敘文。前者主要是對人物的經(jīng)歷、活動(dòng)或者性格特征進(jìn)行敘述;后者則是對某一事件的發(fā)生、發(fā)展過(guò)程和結果進(jìn)行敘述。
二、記敘文的六大要素
記敘文的寫(xiě)作涉及到六大要素，即五個(gè)W和一個(gè)H：時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和結果(how);也可以將這六大要素概括為時(shí)間(time)、地點(diǎn)(place)、 人物( character)、事件的原因(cause)、經(jīng)過(guò)(process)和結果( effect)。
三、記敘文的行文方式
一般來(lái)講，記敘文應具有包括開(kāi)頭，主體和結尾在內的完整結構, 尤其是必須有情節發(fā)展的過(guò)程。作者應該像電影導演一樣盡可能安排起伏和精彩的內容，在矛盾的產(chǎn)生和解決過(guò)程中凸現出誘發(fā)、發(fā)展到高潮的完整過(guò)程。此外，在敘述過(guò)程中為完整展現前面述及的六要素，還需要插入生動(dòng)活潑的人物場(chǎng)景描寫(xiě)和清晰細致的動(dòng)作表情刻畫(huà)。
四、記敘文的寫(xiě)作要領(lǐng)
基于英語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法和詞匯特點(diǎn)，寫(xiě)作英語(yǔ)記敘文時(shí)應掌握以下要領(lǐng)：
1. 時(shí)態(tài)
由于記敘文是描述過(guò)去的語(yǔ)境，記敘發(fā)生過(guò)的事件，所以比較多使用包括一般過(guò)去時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)在內的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)。但是，在很多情況下由于客觀(guān)描述的需要，事件或人物描述的背景從過(guò)去轉到現在，現在時(shí)的使用不可避免。還有的時(shí)候，為了襯托人物的個(gè)性，直觀(guān)地表現人物的思想感情，需要運用對話(huà)的方式。而人物對話(huà)需要用直接引語(yǔ)，時(shí)態(tài)的選擇又需要依托現在語(yǔ)境。這樣，事件的時(shí)間線(xiàn)索就顯得尤為重要，要求寫(xiě)作者有較強的“時(shí)間領(lǐng)悟能力”，駕馭寫(xiě)作過(guò)程中的時(shí)態(tài)轉換。例如：
Wang Nan, a world champion in ping-pong, is 1.62 meter tall with the weight of 54 kilograms. She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978. She began to play ping-pong at the age of seven. She played in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993. She trained hard and got along well with her teammates. Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table-tennis games and won great honor for our motherland. She likes surfing the internet, and enjoys chatting with friends online.
在這篇短文中，第一句是客觀(guān)描述，介紹王楠的基本情況，用一般現在時(shí)。第二、三句介紹她的成長(cháng)經(jīng)歷，用的是過(guò)去時(shí)。最后兩句敘說(shuō)她所取得的成就，又轉換到現在語(yǔ)境，用現在完成時(shí)。
2. 人稱(chēng)
人稱(chēng)的運用也是記敘文的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。第一人稱(chēng)(First-person Narrator)是寫(xiě)作者以當事人的口氣來(lái)敘述，是一種主觀(guān)表現手法，給讀者一種親切自然的感覺(jué)。由于作者是以敘述親身經(jīng)歷的方式表達自己的思想情感，更能引起讀者共鳴。例如：
The other day, I was driving along the street. Suddenly, a car lost its control and ran directly towards me fast. I was so frightened that I quickly turned to the left side. But it was too late. The car hit my bike and I fell off it. It was really a bad day for me.
第三人稱(chēng)(Third-person Narrator)是寫(xiě)作者從旁觀(guān)者的角度來(lái)敘述事件，是客觀(guān)的表現手法，能夠充分反映事件中各個(gè)人的感受與見(jiàn)解，從整體的視角來(lái)敘述事件。例如：
It was about nine o’clock on one Saturday evening in May. Sam was lying in bed, trembling with cold and having a cough. His head was aching so intensely that he kept groaning. His forehead felt very hot. We took his temperature. It was 38.5℃。
3. 動(dòng)詞使用的連貫性
為了刻畫(huà)人物個(gè)性，表現真情實(shí)感，記敘文經(jīng)常需要使用動(dòng)詞來(lái)突出過(guò)程與變化。在許多動(dòng)作交替出現的情況下，一定要注意動(dòng)詞使用的連貫性，使文字表達簡(jiǎn)潔明了，一氣呵成。下面一段接著(zhù)上文記敘了薩姆生病后作者送他去醫院的過(guò)程，動(dòng)詞使用得相當連貫。
Without hesitation, I dialed “120”. It was not long before an ambulance arrived. One roommate brought a blanket for him, and another helped him in the ambulance.
范文與評析
范文 1
My Best Friend
Upon reading the expression “best friend”, a figure Jumps into my mind-Zhang Ye, my schoolmate in senior high school. During the three years in high school, we shared countless moments of laughter and tears, joy and sorrow.
She is of medium height and slim figure. Though not strong, she is really a girl with amazing perseverance. Despite the similarities in our outlook on life and living, it is always she, the physically weaker one, who encouraged and urged me to finish some tasks when I was about to give up. When we were preparing for the National Entrance Exam, she cheered me up emotionally and gave me a hand whenever I was in trouble. After the exam, she got enrolled by Tsinghua University in Beijing while I came to a college in the South of China. For the past several years, we have been in touch to share everything we have been experiencing, sad or happy, dull or exciting.
Without a doubt, Zhang Ye is really a true friend of mine. The relationship between us can melt the ice in our hearts and blow away the mist on our minds. I believe the friendship between us will be the life-time beacon for both of us.
評析：這是一篇典型的人物記敘文。第一段總括了兩人關(guān)系。第二段通過(guò)對具體事例的敘述將人物的性格特點(diǎn)表現得淋漓盡致，也豐富了best friend這個(gè)稱(chēng)謂的具體內涵。最后一段作者陳述了自己對友誼真諦的感悟，使文章的主題得到升華。而其中所使用的句式和詞匯(melt the ice in one’s heart; blow away the mist on one’s mind)也展示了作者的語(yǔ)言功底。
范文2 An Unforgettable Experience
Wisdom Counts
There was an unforgettable happening when I was in senior high school. It made me understand that wisdom counts.
On one weekend, I went home from school by bus. It was bitterly crowded there. Unintentionally, I noticed a hand tying to fetch the wallet from a woman’s bag which had an unfastened zipper. I didn’t dare to tell the woman the truth, because I was scared of being revenged. “What should I do?” I asked myself and searched the answer quickly through my mind. Suddenly, I hit on a good idea. I screamed to myself, “My wallet was lost! Someone stole my wallet!” As I said so, I pretended to be looking for my wallet. Almost all the people on the bus began to give great care to their pockets or bags. Being in panic, the pickpocket eventually failed to reach the woman’s bag. He had to get down at the next stop with an angry look.
Many years later, I still cannot help smiling when I recall this experience.
【大學(xué)英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧】相關(guān)文章：
大學(xué)生期末英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧詳解08-30
大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級考試的寫(xiě)作技巧08-10
高考英語(yǔ)的寫(xiě)作技巧10-15
英語(yǔ)雅思寫(xiě)作技巧07-03
英語(yǔ)作文寫(xiě)作技巧08-13
高考英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)作技巧08-03