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2016英語(yǔ)四級語(yǔ)法攻略
在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習過(guò)程中有沒(méi)有最實(shí)用方法呢?下面就讓小編為大家詳解一下吧。
首先，從心態(tài)上看，要正確看待語(yǔ)法及英語(yǔ)學(xué)習，消除“任務(wù)”或“投機”心態(tài)。
俗話(huà)說(shuō)，興趣是最好的老 師，語(yǔ)法學(xué)習是一個(gè)長(cháng)期積累、不斷提高的過(guò)程，在“任務(wù)”的心態(tài)之下，語(yǔ)法學(xué)習容易變成一種被迫的行為，很難持之以恒;而在“投機”的心態(tài)之下，語(yǔ)法學(xué)習 容易變成一種短期行為，妄圖在短期內一蹴而就反而會(huì )遭遇“欲速則不達” 的困境。都是要不得的。因此，建議廣大英語(yǔ)學(xué)習者在語(yǔ)法學(xué)習的過(guò)程中，要善于發(fā)掘或培養自身的興趣，比如，平時(shí)喜歡閱讀的，不妨多看看適合自身水平的英語(yǔ) 讀物;喜歡聽(tīng)英語(yǔ)歌曲的，不妨多聽(tīng)聽(tīng)自己喜愛(ài)的歌手的曲目;喜歡觀(guān)賞劇集的，找些原版的電影或肥皂劇作為工作學(xué)習之余的消遣。在這個(gè)過(guò)程中，不僅維系了愛(ài) 好，而且增進(jìn)了學(xué)習的實(shí)效性。何樂(lè )而不為?
其次，從方法上看，則要根據自身實(shí)際情況，選擇適合自己的學(xué)習方法。但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法的學(xué)習應遵循以下兩個(gè)基本原則：
第一、要記憶，但不要僵化
語(yǔ)法到底是不是一種“規 則”?——曾經(jīng)有不少學(xué)生這么問(wèn)。個(gè)人認為，語(yǔ)法是規則，但又不完全是規則。為什么這么說(shuō)?事實(shí)上，語(yǔ)言的運用總是遵循一定的規則，對于初學(xué)者而言，規則 是要去遵守的，比如不同時(shí)態(tài)的構成形式，各類(lèi)句式的構成要素等等，如果缺乏對規則的了解，面對一個(gè)個(gè)零散的單詞，就仿佛看著(zhù)一堆雜亂無(wú)章的磚頭，是不可能 建造起語(yǔ)言的大廈的。這也是為什么很多人面對長(cháng)難句束手無(wú)策，想要表達自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)卻搜腸刮肚寫(xiě)不出來(lái)的原因之一。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法是語(yǔ)言運用的規則。
第二、勤練習，能舉一反三
語(yǔ)言的掌握和運用，熟能生 巧是關(guān)鍵。正如“拳不離手，曲不離口”一樣的道理。語(yǔ)法的規則和理論需要在實(shí)踐中鞏固、消化，乃至舉一反三。曾經(jīng)碰到過(guò)這樣的學(xué)員，在PETS考試的前一 天發(fā)郵件給我，問(wèn)stop to do與stop doing是什么意思?其實(shí)，這樣的問(wèn)題，在初學(xué)語(yǔ)法或者基礎比較薄弱的學(xué)習者中間經(jīng)常會(huì )出現，原因就在于對語(yǔ)法規則的機械記憶和生搬硬套，卻忽視了這種 語(yǔ)法現象所折射出的規則的實(shí)質(zhì)。實(shí)際上，隨著(zhù)語(yǔ)法學(xué)習的深入和英語(yǔ)水平的不斷提高，學(xué)習者會(huì )發(fā)現并不需要刻意去關(guān)注語(yǔ)法規則，這并不是說(shuō)規則消失了，而是 由于學(xué)習者已經(jīng)熟練到感覺(jué)不到它的存在而已。從這個(gè)意義上說(shuō)，語(yǔ)法不完全是規則。
所以說(shuō)，在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習的路上，語(yǔ)法學(xué)習究竟將我們引向何方?天堂還是地獄，取決于我們自身的心態(tài)和方法。
另外，在語(yǔ)法學(xué)習的過(guò)程 中，一本好的語(yǔ)法參考書(shū)是必不可少的。市面上比較常見(jiàn)的有《張道真實(shí)用語(yǔ)法》、《薄冰語(yǔ)法》、《朗文英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》等，此外還出現了諸如《英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的奧秘》、 《21世紀活用圖解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》等，也是相當不錯的書(shū)，學(xué)習者應根據自身的實(shí)際水平結合書(shū)籍的特點(diǎn)加以選擇。比如，《21世紀活用圖解英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法》這本書(shū)，從 編纂特色上看，貫徹了“文不如表、表不如圖”的簡(jiǎn)潔原則;在內容方面，每個(gè)部分的設置均符合“由淺入深”的學(xué)習規律。同時(shí)，每個(gè)部分都配備有相應的測試題 目，兼顧了實(shí)戰、活用及應試等各種需求。是一個(gè)不錯的選擇。
延伸閱讀：
1. if 引導的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
2. 倒裝形式
Were I you (=if I were you) , I would get up early in the morning.
Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday(=If you had arrived…), you could have caught the train.
Should it rain (=If it should rain), the crops would be saved.
【2】饅頭面條原理
【3】固定句型
It is time that ...
Would rather that .....
(1) I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
(2) John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
(3) I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
“It is (was)+形容詞(或過(guò)去分詞)+that……”結構中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. It is necessary that we (should 可省略,下同)have a walk now.
2.It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
3. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
4. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.
練習
1. He’ll be busy this afternoon. If he ___ free, he ___ to the cinema with you.
A. were to be; might go
B. am going to be; will go
C. will be; might have gone
D. is; will go
2. When Edison died, it was proposed that the American people _____ all power in their homes, streets, and factories for several minutes in honor of this great man.
A. turn off
B. turned off
C. would turn off
D. had turned off
3. Had I known her name, _____.
A. or does she know mine?
B. and where does she live?
C. I would have invited her to lunch
D. she would be beautiful
4. I'd rather you ______ by train, because I can't bear the idea of your being in an airplane in such bad weather.
A. would go
B. should go
C. went
D. had gone
5. The victim ________ (本來(lái)會(huì )有機會(huì )活下來(lái)) if he had been taken to hospital in time.
would have a chance to survive (06. 12 翻譯)
6. The professor required that ________ (我們交研究報告)。
we hand in our research report(s) (06. 6 翻譯)
7. If Sept. 11 had never happened, the airport workers would not have been arrested and could have gone on quietly living in America, probably indefinitely. (06. 6 閱讀)
8. W: What would you do if you were in my place?
M: If Paul were my son, I’d just not worry. Now that his teacher is giving him extra help and he is working hard himself, he’s sure to do well in the next exam.
Q: What’s the man’s suggestion to the woman?
9. A) Teaching her son by herself. C) Asking the teacher for extra help.
B) Having confidence in her son. D) Telling her son not to worry. (07.12)
11. You’d better take a sweater with you ________________ (以防天氣變冷)
in case it (should) turn cold. (08.12)
12. If she had returned an hour earlier , Mary (就不會(huì )被大雨淋濕了). 09.6
. wouldn’t have been caught by the rain
13. You would not have failed if you __________________________(按照我的指令去做).
had followed my instructions/orders (09.12)
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