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雅思寫(xiě)作中如何運用復合句
引導語(yǔ)：雅思寫(xiě)作中如何運用復合句，由應屆畢業(yè)生培訓網(wǎng)整理而成，謝謝您的閱讀。
一、 復合句的種類(lèi)
英語(yǔ)的復合句一般分為三大類(lèi)型：名詞性從句、形容詞性從句和副詞性從句。
(一) 名詞性從句
在整個(gè)復合句中起名詞作用，充當主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和同位語(yǔ)等的各種從句，統稱(chēng)為名詞性從句。名詞性從句主要有以下幾種：
1. that 引導的從句 e.g. It is reported that one third of Guangzhou citizens plan to buy a private car. (據報道，三分之一的廣州市民打算購買(mǎi)私家車(chē)。)
2. whether/if 引導的從句 e.g. Whether motorcycles should be banned in Guangzhou has become an issue of controversy.(廣州是否禁摩托車(chē)成了有爭議的話(huà)題。)
3. how/why/when/where引導的從句 e.g. This essay aims to explore why so many white collar workers suffer from insomnia. (本文將探討為什么這么多白領(lǐng)失眠的原因。)
4. who/whom/whose/what/which引導的從句 e.g. Who should be responsible for the environmental degradation is still unknown.(誰(shuí)對環(huán)境惡化負責還不清楚。)
(二) 形容詞性從句
具有形容詞功能，在復合句中做定語(yǔ)的從句被稱(chēng)之為形容詞性從句或定語(yǔ)從句。被修飾的名詞、詞組或代詞被稱(chēng)為先行詞。形容詞性從句分為兩種類(lèi)型：
(1)由關(guān)系代詞 who, whom, whose, that, which, as引導的從句。 例如: People who are strongly against human cloning claim that it is immoral and unethical. (強烈反對克隆人的人們認為這樣做不道德和不合倫理)
(2)由關(guān)系副詞when, where, why引導的從句。例如: I would like to analyze the reasons why a growing number of teenagers are addicted to gambling.(我將分析為什么越來(lái)越多的青少年沉迷于賭博的原因。)
(三) 副詞性從句
副詞性從句也稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句，主要用來(lái)修飾主句或者主句的謂語(yǔ)。大致分為九大類(lèi)，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結果、條件、讓步、比較和方式。
(1)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. When everyone is fully aware of the severity of fresh water scarcity and takes effective measures, I am convinced that we will tackle this problem constructively.(當每個(gè)人充分意識到淡水短缺的嚴重性，并采取有效措施，我相信我們一定能妥善解決好這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
(2) 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Where there is smoke, there is fire.(無(wú)風(fēng)不起浪)
(3) 原因狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Pets should be forbidden because they may spread diseases and damage the cityscape.(應該禁止飼養寵物，因為它們可能會(huì )傳播疾病和有損市容。)
(4) 目的狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Old people should be encouraged to live in a nursing house so that they can enjoy professional care and first-rate facilities. (應當鼓勵老人到敬老院居住，這樣他們可以享受到專(zhuān)業(yè)的照料和一流的設施。)
(5) 結果狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Some government officials fail to recognize the potential hazards of improper waste disposal, so that the environment in some cities is deteriorating.(一些政府官員未能認識到垃圾處理不當帶來(lái)的潛在危害，因此一些城市的環(huán)境不斷惡化。)
(6) 條件狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. If we continue to overlook the increasing waste in Guangzhou, it is likely that Guangzhou will become a huge landfill site sooner or later.(如果我們繼續無(wú)視廣州日益增多的垃圾，有可能不久的將來(lái)廣州將成為巨大的垃圾填埋場(chǎng)。)
(7)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. While I admit that smoking has some side-effects, I still feel that it is ridiculous to ban smoking in public places.(雖然我承認吸煙有副作用，我依然覺(jué)得公共場(chǎng)所禁煙是荒唐的。)
(8) 比較狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Red is two times as much as Blue.(紅色是藍色的兩倍。)
(9) 方式狀語(yǔ)從句 e.g. Just as we protect less able human beings, so we should safeguard the welfare of other weaker species.(正如我們保護弱者一樣，我們也應該保護弱勢物種的福利。)
二、如何高效運用復合句寫(xiě)好引言段
Well begun is half done是大家耳熟能詳的英語(yǔ)諺語(yǔ)。也就是說(shuō)，一個(gè)漂亮的開(kāi)頭，往往是文章寫(xiě)作成功的一半。尤其在雅思和新托福寫(xiě)作考試中，好的開(kāi)頭往往能夠在瞬間吸引考官眼球，留下良好的第一印象。那么，我們怎樣才能寫(xiě)漂亮的引言段呢?首先，我們要做到開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山，明確寫(xiě)作話(huà)題和目的。如何才能做到開(kāi)門(mén)見(jiàn)山?我們可以采用以下幾種方式：
1. 采用統計數字引出話(huà)題，把問(wèn)題呈現在讀者面前;
2. 提出有爭議性的問(wèn)題，激發(fā)讀者興趣，使其積極參與討論;
3. 以新穎的觀(guān)點(diǎn)，吸引讀者注意力;
4. 呈現該話(huà)題正反方的觀(guān)點(diǎn);
5. 引用名人名言、諺語(yǔ)等作為文章的開(kāi)頭;
6. 對將要討論的話(huà)題進(jìn)行定義。
其次，要善于運用復合句，從而使引言段簡(jiǎn)潔明了，開(kāi)宗明義。下面我們將探討雅思與新托福各種題材和體裁文章引言段的寫(xiě)作方法。
(一) 引用數據呈現討論的話(huà)題，說(shuō)明問(wèn)題的嚴重性或者重要性，引起讀者的關(guān)注。下面我們結合幾道雅思和新托福作文話(huà)題進(jìn)行實(shí)戰演練。
我們在寫(xiě)關(guān)于體罰的話(huà)題文章時(shí)，可以這樣開(kāi)頭：It is reported that a boy in Zhuhai was beaten to death by his father on Father’ Day. Ample evidence also shows that children who are frequently abused by their parents or teachers tend to be introverted, pessimistic, indifferent and even world-weary. Recently, there has arisen a fierce argument on whether corporal punishment should be abolished. Teachers, parents and experts take diverse attitudes towards this issue.(據報道，在父親節那天，珠海有個(gè)小男孩被老爸揍死了。充分的證據也顯示，經(jīng)常遭父母或老師虐待的小孩往往比較內向、悲觀(guān)、冷漠甚至厭世。近來(lái)，關(guān)于是否應該廢除體罰出現了一場(chǎng)激烈的爭論，老師、家長(cháng)和專(zhuān)家各執一詞。)
而我們在寫(xiě)關(guān)于該不該禁煙的話(huà)題時(shí)，可以這樣開(kāi)頭：A recent study conducted by Zhongshan University has found that the number of smokers has been increasing sharply over the past five years. Research findings also reveal that the incidence of smoking-related conditions has soared. As a result, the ban on smoking has been in the spotlight. (中山大學(xué)最近做的一個(gè)研究表明，在過(guò)去五年里，吸煙者人數急劇上升。研究結果同時(shí)顯示，吸煙導致的疾病發(fā)病率也急劇增長(cháng)。因此，禁煙成了個(gè)熱點(diǎn)話(huà)題。)
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