雅思討論類(lèi)論文寫(xiě)作結構
拿到一個(gè)雅思題目,很多考生都不知所措,不知如何下手,其實(shí)在面對一個(gè)考題時(shí)正確的做法是先審題,后得出文章結構,再做Brainstorming,然后再下筆寫(xiě)文章。上面可稱(chēng)為動(dòng)筆前的解題三部曲。

本文,將為大家介紹第二步得出文章結構的一些技巧。
從應考方面而言,在接觸一個(gè)雅思議論文題目時(shí),我們必須要掌握的是文章的結構。嚴謹的結構對觀(guān)點(diǎn)的表達有事半功倍的作用。近幾年的雅思議論文考題,可以歸納為兩大類(lèi):討論類(lèi)和分析解決型。
I 討論類(lèi)
1. Definition:
何為討論類(lèi)文章,即對一個(gè)給定的觀(guān)點(diǎn)以及與其相對立的觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行討論,或就一個(gè)話(huà)題的兩個(gè)對立的方面:積極和消極方面進(jìn)行探討,發(fā)表自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。顧名思義,討論類(lèi)文章分為觀(guān)點(diǎn)類(lèi)討論和優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)討論。這兩種議論類(lèi)型所對應的問(wèn)題模式常見(jiàn)的有:Do you agree or disagree, What is your opinion? To what extent do you agree or disagree?等。請看下面的列表來(lái)熟悉此類(lèi)問(wèn)題模式。
1). Nowadays, some universities offer students skills that assist them to find employment, but some people believe that the main function of a university should be to provide students with access to knowledge for its sake. What is your opinion?
2). Some people think that using animals for experimentation purpose is necessary for the development of science. Do you agree or disagree with this opinion?
3). The main purpose of public libraries is to provide books and they should not waste their limited resources and space on providing expensive hi-tech media such as computer software, videos and DVDs. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
4). Tourism is becoming a good source of revenue for many countries. Discuss both the advantages and disadvantages of exploring this resource.
5). In many countries, the number of elderly people is increasing fast. Does this trend have more positive or negative effects on the society?
以上五題中有對一個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)發(fā)表自己觀(guān)點(diǎn)的,也有給出兩個(gè)觀(guān)點(diǎn)再發(fā)表自己觀(guān)點(diǎn)的,也有對一個(gè)話(huà)題的兩個(gè)方面進(jìn)行論述的,這些都屬于討論類(lèi),其中1、2、3題屬于觀(guān)點(diǎn)類(lèi)討論,而4、5題為優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)討論。
2. 結構分析
單邊論證
熟悉了問(wèn)題模式后,我們來(lái)分析一下其所對應的文章結構。以上五種問(wèn)題模式,考生在未接觸雅思前較熟悉的是Do you agree or disagree?和 What is your opinion?而通常這兩類(lèi)問(wèn)題所對應的文章可以用以下的五段論結構來(lái)完成:引言段(introduction)提出觀(guān)點(diǎn),正文(body)三段通過(guò)三個(gè)理由來(lái)對觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證,結尾段(conclusion)重申一下自己的觀(guān)點(diǎn)。因為此種結構只對自己支持的觀(guān)點(diǎn)進(jìn)行論證,因此叫單邊論證,可以用下圖來(lái)表示:
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