《老人與�！返纳鷳B(tài)批評

畢業(yè)論文

Ecocriticism in The Old Man and the Sea

Abstract

Hemingway is a famous American writer in the twentieth century. Among his works, The Old Man and the Sea is the most famous one, which made him win the Noble Prize for Literature in 1954. Ecocriticism was introduced into the studies of Hemingway and The Old Man and the Sea around the 1990s, providing a new perspective for reading this book.
This research is to make an ecocritical reading of The Old Man and the Sea, and discuss about the relationship between the old man, Santiago, the nature and other livings in the ocean, exploring the contradiction between ecological awareness and actual behavior of the hero. Santiago has a wise nature-centric ecological awareness, but he behaves in a fearless way to conquer nature, which brings an internecine consequence to both nature and him. Through these descriptions, the author reveals the terrible consequences of trying to conquer nature, urging people to return to nature, and live with nature harmoniously.

Key Words: Hemingway; The Old Man and the Sea; Santiago; Ecocriticism; ecological awareness; nature
                                  
摘 要

海明威是210世紀美國著(zhù)名作家。作為其最著(zhù)名的作品之1，《老人與�！纷鳛榇�表作，于1954年使其獲得了諾貝爾文學(xué)獎。210世紀910年代，生態(tài)批評被西方和中國學(xué)術(shù)界引入海明威及其著(zhù)作研究，為解讀海明威及《老人與�！诽峁┝诵碌囊暯�。
本文從生態(tài)批評的角度，對《老人與�！愤M(jìn)行細讀，以探索作品主人公，圣地亞哥與自然及其它生物之間的關(guān)系，探索其生態(tài)意識與實(shí)際行為之間的矛盾。圣地亞哥具有開(kāi)明的自然中心主義的生態(tài)意識，但行動(dòng)上卻無(wú)所畏懼地征服自然，顯示出無(wú)比的勇氣和決心，其結果是造成了自然和自身的兩敗俱傷。通過(guò)分析他的實(shí)際行為及后果，研究其觀(guān)念和行為的不1致性，從而揭示征服自然的可怕后果，呼吁人類(lèi)回歸自然，與自然和諧共處。

關(guān)鍵詞：海明威、老人與海、圣地亞哥、生態(tài)批評、生態(tài)意識、自然

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